Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/struna
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Uncertain. The two main hypotheses are:
- From Proto-Indo-European *sterh₁- (“to streak, to strip”)[1], akin to *strěla (“arrow”), possibly from an unattested *-uti derivative *struti (“to strain”) + *-nъ + *-a. If correct, then the Slavic lemma would be a cognate with Proto-Germanic *strinô (“strip, strand”).
- From Proto-Indo-European *srew- (“to flow, to stream”) (possibly *strew- (“to strew”)), akin to Proto-Slavic *struja, *struga (“stream”), either via the earlier form *strugna or (according to Vasmer) *strugsna. Neither form is phonetically satisfactory.
Noun
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *strùna | *strùně | *strùny |
| genitive | *strùny | *strùnu | *strùnъ |
| dative | *strùně | *strùnama | *strùnamъ |
| accusative | *strùnǫ | *strùně | *strùny |
| instrumental | *strùnojǫ, *strùnǭ** | *strùnama | *strùnamī |
| locative | *strùně | *strùnu | *strùnasъ, *strùnaxъ* |
| vocative | *strùno | *strùně | *strùny |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Derived terms
- *strunьnъ (“stringed”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
- → Yiddish: סטרונע (strune) (from an indeterminate Slavic language)
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “струна́”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Todorov, T. A., Racheva, M., editors (2010), “струна”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 7 (слòво – теря̀свам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 507
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Snoj, Marko (2016) “struna”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*strűna”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “struna”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (PR 132)”