Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/svojь
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
| PIE word |
|---|
| *swé |
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *swajas, derived from Proto-Indo-European *swós, from *swé. Cognate with Old Prussian swais, Lithuanian savas, Latvian savs, Latgalian sovs, Latin suus, German sein, Old Norse sik (“oneself”), Gothic 𐍃𐍅𐌴𐍃 (swēs, “one's own”), Sanskrit स्व (sva, “one's own”).
Determiner
*svojь
Declension
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *svojь | *svoja | *svoje |
| Accusative | *svojь | *svojǫ | *svoje |
| Genitive | *svojego | *svojeję̇ | *svojego |
| Locative | *svojemь | *svojeji | *svojemь |
| Dative | *svojemu | *svojeji | *svojemu |
| Instrumental | *svojimь | *svojejǫ | *svojimь |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *svoja | *svoji | *svoji |
| Accusative | *svoja | *svoji | *svoji |
| Genitive | *svojeju | *svojeju | *svojeju |
| Locative | *svojeju | *svojeju | *svojeju |
| Dative | *svojima | *svojima | *svojima |
| Instrumental | *svojima | *svojima | *svojima |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *svoji | *svoję̇ | *svoja |
| Accusative | *svoję̇ | *svoję̇ | *svoja |
| Genitive | *svojixъ | *svojixъ | *svojixъ |
| Locative | *svojixъ | *svojixъ | *svojixъ |
| Dative | *svojimъ | *svojimъ | *svojimъ |
| Instrumental | *svojimi | *svojimi | *svojimi |
Declension of the personal pronouns
| Singular | 1st person | 2nd person | Reflexive |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *jãzъ, *jà | *ty̑ | — |
| Accusative | *mę̑ | *tę̑ | *sę̑ |
| Genitive | *mȅne | *tȅbe | *sȅbe |
| Locative | *mьně̀ | *tebě̀ | *sebě̀ |
| Dative | *mьně̀, *mi | *tebě̀, *ti | *sebě̀, *si |
| Instrumental | *mъnòjǫ, *mъnojǫ̀ | *tobòjǫ, *tobojǫ̀ | *sobòjǫ, *sobojǫ̀ |
| Possessive | *mojь | *tvojь | *svojь |
| Dual | 1st person | 2nd person | Reflexive |
| Nominative | *vě̑ | *vȃ | — |
| Accusative | *nȃ | *vȃ | *sę̑ |
| Genitive | *nàju | *vàju | *sȅbe |
| Locative | *nàju | *vàju | *sebě̀ |
| Dative | *nàma, *na | *vàma, *va | *sebě̀, *si |
| Instrumental | *nàma | *vàma | *sobòjǫ, *sobojǫ̀ |
| Possessive | *našь | *vašь | *svojь |
| Plural | 1st person | 2nd person | Reflexive |
| Nominative | *my̑ | *vy̑ | — |
| Accusative | *ny̑ | *vy̑ | *sę̑ |
| Genitive | *nàsъ | *vàsъ | *sȅbe |
| Locative | *nàsъ | *vàsъ | *sebě̀ |
| Dative | *nàmъ, *ny | *vàmъ, *vy | *sebě̀, *si |
| Instrumental | *nàmi | *vàmi | *sobòjǫ, *sobojǫ̀ |
| Possessive | *našь | *vašь | *svojь |
Derived terms
- *svobь
- *svobodà (“freedom”)
- *svojakъ (“relative, cousin”)
- *svojatъ (“intrinsic to oneself”)
- *svojьtьba (“family, kin, relatives”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “свой”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress