Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tvoriti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *twarīˀtei, causative/iterative of Proto-Indo-European *twerH- (“to fence in, grab”). Baltic cognates include Lithuanian tvérti (“to seize, to form”), Latvian tvert (“to seize, to hold”),[1] Lithuanian tvárstyti (“to bandage”), Latvian tvarstīt (“to snap, to catch”) (1sg. tvarstu), Lithuanian turė́ti (“to hold”), Latvian turēt (“to hold”), Old Prussian turīt (“to have”). Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek σορός (sorós, “urn”).

Verb

*tvorìti[1][2][3]

  1. to make

Inflection

Conjugation of *tvoriti, *tvori, *tvoritь (?, -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*tvořenьje *tvoriti *tvoritъ *tvorilъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *tvořenъ *tvorimъ
Active *tvořь *tvorę
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *tvorixъ *tvori *tvori *tvořǫ *tvoriši *tvoritь
Dual *tvorixově *tvorista *tvoriste *tvorivě *tvorita *tvorite
Plural *tvorixomъ *tvoriste *tvorišę *tvorimъ *tvorite *tvorętь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *tvořaaxъ *tvořaaše *tvořaaše — *tvori *tvori
Dual *tvořaaxově *tvořaašeta *tvořaašete *tvorivě *tvorita —
Plural *tvořaaxomъ *tvořaašete *tvořaaxǫ *tvorimъ *tvorite —
    Notes:
  • (*)*tvorivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
Conjugation of *tvoriti, *tvori, *tvoritь (?, -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*tvořenьje *tvoriti *tvoritъ *tvorilъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *tvořenъ *tvorimъ
Active *tvořь *tvorę
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *tvorixъ *tvori *tvori *tvořǫ *tvoriši *tvoritь
Dual *tvorixově *tvorista *tvoriste *tvorivě *tvorita *tvorite
Plural *tvorixomъ *tvoriste *tvorišę *tvorimъ *tvorite *tvorętь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *tvořaaxъ *tvořaaše *tvořaaše — *tvori *tvori
Dual *tvořaaxově *tvořaašeta *tvořaašete *tvorivě *tvorita —
Plural *tvořaaxomъ *tvořaašete *tvořaaxǫ *tvorimъ *tvorite —
    Notes:
  • (*)*tvorivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Descendants

Further reading

  • Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999) “твори́ть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 231
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “твори́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*tvorìti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 501: “v. (c) ‘make’”
  2. ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “tvoriti: tvorjǫ tvoritь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b skabe (PR 140)”
  3. ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “tvọ̄riti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *tvori̋ti”
  4. ^ The template Template:R:zle-mbe:HSBM does not use the parameter(s): 
    url=tvoriti
    Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.    Bulyka, A. M., editor (2013), “творити”, in Гістарычны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), numbers 33 (струна – треснутися), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN, page 246
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