Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/verdьnъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

South Slavic isogloss, with dubious origin. The main two hypotheses for its etymology are:

Georgiev and Skok remain inconclusive.

Adjective

*verdьnъ

  1. worthy
Inflection
Indefinite declension of *verdьnъ (hard)
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative *verdьnъ *verdьna *verdьno
genitive *verdьna *verdьny *verdьna
dative *verdьnu *verdьně *verdьnu
accusative *verdьnъ *verdьnǫ *verdьno
instrumental *verdьnomь *verdьnojǫ *verdьnomь
locative *verdьně *verdьně *verdьně
vocative *verdьne *verdьno *verdьno
dual masculine feminine neuter
nominative *verdьna *verdьně *verdьně
genitive *verdьnu *verdьnu *verdьnu
dative *verdьnoma *verdьnama *verdьnoma
accusative *verdьna *verdьně *verdьně
instrumental *verdьnoma *verdьnama *verdьnoma
locative *verdьnu *verdьnu *verdьnu
vocative *verdьna *verdьně *verdьně
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative *verdьni *verdьny *verdьna
genitive *verdьnъ *verdьnъ *verdьnъ
dative *verdьnomъ *verdьnamъ *verdьnomъ
accusative *verdьny *verdьny *verdьna
instrumental *verdьny *verdьnami *verdьny
locative *verdьněxъ *verdьnaxъ *verdьněxъ
vocative *verdьni *verdьny *verdьna
Definite declension of *verdьnъ (hard)
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative *verdьnъjь *verdьnaja *verdьnoje
genitive *verdьnajego *verdьnyję̇ *verdьnajego
dative *verdьnujemu *verdьněji *verdьnujemu
accusative *verdьnъjь *verdьnǫjǫ *verdьnoje
instrumental *verdьnyjimь *verdьnǫjǫ *verdьnyjimь
locative *verdьnějemь *verdьněji *verdьnějemь
vocative *verdьnъjь *verdьnaja *verdьnoje
dual masculine feminine neuter
nominative *verdьnaja *verdьněji *verdьněji
genitive *verdьnuju *verdьnuju *verdьnuju
dative *verdьnyjima *verdьnyjima *verdьnyjima
accusative *verdьnaja *verdьněji *verdьněji
instrumental *verdьnyjima *verdьnyjima *verdьnyjima
locative *verdьnuju *verdьnuju *verdьnuju
vocative *verdьnaja *verdьněji *verdьněji
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative *verdьniji *verdьnyję̇ *verdьnaja
genitive *verdьnъjixъ *verdьnъjixъ *verdьnъjixъ
dative *verdьnyjimъ *verdьnyjimъ *verdьnyjimъ
accusative *verdьnyję̇ *verdьnyję̇ *verdьnaja
instrumental *verdьnyjimi *verdьnyjimi *verdьnyjimi
locative *verdьnyjixъ *verdьnyjixъ *verdьnyjixъ
vocative *verdьniji *verdьnyję̇ *verdьnaja
Derived terms
  • *verdьnostь, *verdьnota (worth)
  • *verděti (to be worth)
  • *verdati (to estimate)
Descendants
  • South Slavic:
    • Bulgarian: вре́ден (vréden) (dialectal)
    • Macedonian: вреден (vreden)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: врије́дан
      Latin script: vrijédan
    • Slovene: vrẹ́den

Further reading

  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “вреден²”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 184
  • Skok, Petar (1973) “vrijedan”, in Etimologijski rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika [Etymological Dictionary of the Croatian or Serbian Language] (in Serbo-Croatian), volumes 3 (poni² – Ž), Zagreb: JAZU, page 625
  • Snoj, Marko (2016) “vrẹ́den”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si

Etymology 2

From *verdъ (harm) +‎ *-ьnъ.

Adjective

*verdьnъ

  1. harmful
  2. malicious
Inflection
Indefinite declension of *verdьnъ (hard)
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative *verdьnъ *verdьna *verdьno
genitive *verdьna *verdьny *verdьna
dative *verdьnu *verdьně *verdьnu
accusative *verdьnъ *verdьnǫ *verdьno
instrumental *verdьnomь *verdьnojǫ *verdьnomь
locative *verdьně *verdьně *verdьně
vocative *verdьne *verdьno *verdьno
dual masculine feminine neuter
nominative *verdьna *verdьně *verdьně
genitive *verdьnu *verdьnu *verdьnu
dative *verdьnoma *verdьnama *verdьnoma
accusative *verdьna *verdьně *verdьně
instrumental *verdьnoma *verdьnama *verdьnoma
locative *verdьnu *verdьnu *verdьnu
vocative *verdьna *verdьně *verdьně
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative *verdьni *verdьny *verdьna
genitive *verdьnъ *verdьnъ *verdьnъ
dative *verdьnomъ *verdьnamъ *verdьnomъ
accusative *verdьny *verdьny *verdьna
instrumental *verdьny *verdьnami *verdьny
locative *verdьněxъ *verdьnaxъ *verdьněxъ
vocative *verdьni *verdьny *verdьna
Definite declension of *verdьnъ (hard)
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative *verdьnъjь *verdьnaja *verdьnoje
genitive *verdьnajego *verdьnyję̇ *verdьnajego
dative *verdьnujemu *verdьněji *verdьnujemu
accusative *verdьnъjь *verdьnǫjǫ *verdьnoje
instrumental *verdьnyjimь *verdьnǫjǫ *verdьnyjimь
locative *verdьnějemь *verdьněji *verdьnějemь
vocative *verdьnъjь *verdьnaja *verdьnoje
dual masculine feminine neuter
nominative *verdьnaja *verdьněji *verdьněji
genitive *verdьnuju *verdьnuju *verdьnuju
dative *verdьnyjima *verdьnyjima *verdьnyjima
accusative *verdьnaja *verdьněji *verdьněji
instrumental *verdьnyjima *verdьnyjima *verdьnyjima
locative *verdьnuju *verdьnuju *verdьnuju
vocative *verdьnaja *verdьněji *verdьněji
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative *verdьniji *verdьnyję̇ *verdьnaja
genitive *verdьnъjixъ *verdьnъjixъ *verdьnъjixъ
dative *verdьnyjimъ *verdьnyjimъ *verdьnyjimъ
accusative *verdьnyję̇ *verdьnyję̇ *verdьnaja
instrumental *verdьnyjimi *verdьnyjimi *verdьnyjimi
locative *verdьnyjixъ *verdьnyjixъ *verdьnyjixъ
vocative *verdьniji *verdьnyję̇ *verdьnaja
Derived terms
  • *verdina (damage)
  • *verdьnostь (harm, malice)
  • *verditi (to cause harm, to injure)
  • *verditeľь (pest)
  • *verdovъ (ulcerous)
Descendants
  • South Slavic:
  • West Slavic:
    • Polish: wrzedny (Middle Polish), wrzodny (rare)

Further reading

  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “вреден¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 184
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “вред”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Snoj, Marko (2016) “vredník”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si