Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xodъ
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
- Accent paradigm c:
According to Rick Derksen, from Proto-Indo-European *sodós (“path”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“to sit”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὁδός (hodós, “way”).[1]
Sergei Nikolaev believes that the comparison is “tempting, but unfounded phonetically,” which does not contradict the analogy in any way: The form has initial *x by analogy with derived words beginning with the prefixes *per-, *pri-, *u-, in which *s shifted to *x by the ruki sound law. But contradicts the Winter’s law.
According to Vladimir Dybo, the form is borrowed from Iranian (Dybo 2002: 479).
Frederik Kortlandt believes that the hypothesis of borrowing from Iranian is “semantically implausible” and the form goes back to *xodìti (Kortlandt 2007: 1). However, according to Nikolaev, it is accentologically implausible. According to ESSJa, reverse derivation is impossible, which supports the accentological argument.
- Accent paradigm b:
Some dialect groups make it possible to reconstruct the semantic-accentuation pair: *xȍdъ, gen. *xȍda and *xòdъ, gen. *xodà. For example, this semantic-accentuation pair is represented in the Posozhko-Pripyat dialect: xod, gen. xódu, instr. xódom ~ xod, gen. xodá, instr. xodóm. Most other dialects usually retain one variant of the semantic-accentuation pair.
According to Nikolaev, the form is a secondary deverbative of *xodìti (Nikolaev 2012: 98).
Noun
*xȍdъ or *xòdъ m[1]
- motion, movement (towards an accent paradigm c)
- passage, place of moving forward (towards an accent paradigm b)
Inflection
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *xȍdъ | *xȍda | *xȍdi |
| genitive | *xȍda | *xodù | *xòdъ |
| dative | *xȍdu | *xodomà | *xodòmъ |
| accusative | *xȍdъ | *xȍda | *xȍdy |
| instrumental | *xȍdъmь, *xȍdomь* | *xodomà | *xodý |
| locative | *xȍdě | *xodù | *xodě̃xъ |
| vocative | *xode | *xȍda | *xȍdi |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *xòdъ | *xodà | *xodì |
| genitive | *xodà | *xodù | *xòdъ |
| dative | *xodù | *xodòma | *xodòmъ |
| accusative | *xòdъ | *xodà | *xodỳ |
| instrumental | *xodъ̀mь, *xodòmь* | *xodòma | *xòdy |
| locative | *xodě̀ | *xodù | *xòděxъ |
| vocative | *xode | *xodà | *xodì |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Derived terms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*xodъ /*xoda”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 51
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ход”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*xȏdъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 203