Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xula

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Main lines of reasoning:

Of onomatopoeic or expressive origin, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kew- (“to shout, to scold”), originally meaning “taunt”. Related to Proto-Slavic *čьvati, *ščьvati (“to bark, to slander, to harass”).
Of physical nature, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ksew- (“to scrape, to injure”), originally meaning “physical attack, offend”. Related to Proto-Slavic *xudъ (“injured, weak”), possibly Proto-Slavic *xytiti (“to assault”).

Noun

*xulà f^[1]^[2]

unjust vilification, verbal offence → blasphemy (in religion)
Synonym: *kleveta

Inflection

Declension of *xūlà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*xūlà	*xũlě	*xūlỳ
genitive	*xūlỳ	*xūlù	*xũlъ
dative	*xūlě̀	*xūlàma	*xūlàmъ
accusative	*xūlǫ̀	*xũlě	*xūlỳ
instrumental	xūlòjǫ, xũlǫ^**	*xūlàma	*xūlàmī
locative	*xūlě̀	*xūlù	xūlàsъ, xūlàxъ^*
vocative	*xulo	*xũlě	*xūlỳ

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

*xuliti (“to vilify, to offend”)
- *xulьnъ (“insulting”)
*xulovati (“to commit blasphemy”)
*xulostь, *xulьstvo (“sacrilege, blasphemy”)

Related terms

*xyliti (sę) (“to cripple, to bend down”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: хула (xula)
  - Old Ruthenian: хула́ (xulá)
    - Belarusian: хула́ (xulá) (dialectal)
    - Ukrainian: хула́ (xulá)
  - Russian: хула́ (xulá) (dated, literary)
- Belarusian: ху́ла (xúla, “scolding”)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script: хоула (xula)
  
  Glagolitic script: ⱈⱆⰾⰰ (xula)
  - Church Slavonic: хоула (xula) (Serbian, Russian)
- Bulgarian: ху́ла (húla)
- Macedonian: хула (hula) (literary)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: ху̏ла (dialectal)
  
  Latin script: hȕla (dialectal)
- Slovene: húla (poetic)

References

^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “xula xuly”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b/c (SA 78, 187 / PR 132)”
^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “huliti se”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “prim. iz pslovan. *xula̋”

[1] Olander, Thomas (2001) “xula xuly”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b/c (SA 78, 187 / PR 132)”

[2] Snoj, Marko (2016) “huliti se”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “prim. iz pslovan. *xula̋”

[1]

[2]