Reconstruction:Proto-Tungusic/sian

This Proto-Tungusic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Tungusic

Alternative Reconstructions

*siān (per Benzing)
*sïan (per Janhunen)

Etymology

Connected to Proto-Mongolic *sïnaxa (“temple, cheek”) by Ramstedt, compare Mongolian шанаа (šanaa).

Noun

*sian

ear

Descendants

Jurchenic:
- Jurchen: 尚 (šan /⁠šang⁠/)
  - Manchu: ᡧᠠᠨ (šan)
Tungusic:
- Northern Tungusic:
  - Evenki: се̄н (sēn)
  - Negidal: се̄н (sēn)
  - Oroqen: ʃɛ:n
  - Solon: ше̄н (šēn)
- Southern Tungusic:
  - Central:
    - Oroch: се(н) (se(n))
  - South-Eastern:
    - Nanai: сиан (sian)
    - Orok: сен (se(н))
    - Ulch: сен (se(н))

References

Benzing, Johannes (1955) Die tungusischen Sprachen. Versuch einer vergleichenden Grammatik (Abhandlungen der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse; 11) (in German), Wiesbaden: Verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur in Mainz in Kommission bei Franz Steiner Verlag, page 43
Cincius, V. I. (1977) Сравнительный словарь тунгусо-маньчжурских языков [Comparative Dictionary of Tungus-Manchu Languages] (in Russian), volume 2, Leningrad: Nauka, pages 70-71
Kane, Daniel (1989) The Sino-Jurchen Vocabulary of the Bureau of Interpreters (Uralic and Altaic Series; vol. 153), Bloomington, Indiana: Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, Indiana University, →ISBN, page 314.