Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/āka

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Likely borrowed from Mongolic around the Middle Turkic era.[1][2] Nişanyan assumes an Arabic origin, from Arabic أخ (ʔaḵ),[3] which is called into doubt by other etymologists.[4] Räsänen also puts forth Proto-Tungusic *akā as a comparison,[5] but the Tungusic etymology is incompatible with the Turkic one.

Noun

*āka

  1. (Common Turkic) older brother
    Coordinate term: *ini

Descendants

  • Proto-Common Turkic:
  • Oghuz:
    • Old Anatolian Turkish: اغا (ağa), اقا (aqa)
      • Azerbaijani: ağa
      • Gagauz: aga
      • Ottoman Turkish: آغا (ağa) (see there for further descendants)
    • Turkmen: aga
  • Kipchak:
  • Karluk:
    • Chagatai: اغا (ağa), اقا (aqa), اکا (aka)
  • Siberian Turkic:
    • Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽰 (ʾʾqʾ /⁠aka⁠/)
      • Western Yugur: ahɢa
    • North Siberian Turkic:
    • South Siberian Turkic:

References

  1. ^ Eren, Hasan (1999) “ağa”, in Türk Dilinin Etimolojik Sözlüğü [Etymological Dictionary of the Turkish Language]‎[1] (in Turkish), Ankara: Bizim Büro Basım Evi
  2. ^ Ayverdi, İlhan (2010) “ağa”, in Misalli Büyük Türkçe Sözlük, a reviewed and expanded single-volume edition, Istanbul: Kubbealtı Neşriyatı
  3. ^ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “ağa”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
  4. ^ “ağa”, in Köken Bilgisi Sözlüğü‎[2], Türk Dil Kurumu, 2011–
  5. ^ Räsänen, Martti (1969) “*āka”, in Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 13

Further reading

  • Doerfer, Gerhard (1963) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 16)‎[3] (in German), volume I, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, page 133
  • Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “ağa”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
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