Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/igne

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstructions

  • *iŋe (per Khabtagaeva 2019)

Reconstruction notes

The inital y- sound, appearing in some descendants, is a secondary development. [1][2][3]

Etymology

According to Nişanyan, a derivation from Proto-Turkic *yīg.[4] However, he does not elaborate on the morphology. Räsänen compares Finnish äimä, however, this is discredited by Eren.[5]

Khabtagaeva (2019)[6] and Vajda-Werner (2022)[7] suppose a relation with Ket иʼнь (iˀnʲ, “needle”), which is usually explained as an inheritance from Proto-Yeniseian *jen-ja (“needle”), nominalized form of *jen (“spine-like sharp object”). Khabtagaeva purports that both Yeniseian > Turkic and Turkic > Yeniseian loaning directions are plausible, though she favors the latter. Despite that, the words listed as borrowings are most likely native to Yeniseian[8][9][10], which may suggest the former loaning direction instead. On that note, also compare Proto-Yeniseian *jet (“edged and thick sharp object; tooth”).

Noun

*igne

  1. (sewing) needle

Descendants

  • Common Turkic:
  • Oghuz:
  • Karluk:
    • Karakhanid: یِكْنا (yiknʾ /⁠yigne⁠/)
  • Kipchak:
    • North Kipchak:
    • West Kipchak:
    • South Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
  • Siberian:
    • Old Uyghur: 𐽶𐽶𐽷𐽺𐽰 (yyknʾ /⁠yignä⁠/)
      • Western Yugur: jiŋne, jiŋnie
    • North Siberian:
    • South Siberian:
      • Sayan Turkic:
      • Yenisei Turkic:
        • Northern Altai: ине (ine)
        • Shor: инге (inge)
        • Khakas: іңе (ìñe)
        • Chulym: иңғӓ (iñɣä)

References

  1. ^ Eren, Hasan (1999) “iğne”, in Türk Dilinin Etimolojik Sözlüğü [Etymological Dictionary of the Turkish Language]‎[1] (in Turkish), Ankara: Bizim Büro Basım Evi
  2. ^ Ayverdi, İlhan (2010) “iğne”, in Misalli Büyük Türkçe Sözlük, a reviewed and expanded single-volume edition, Istanbul: Kubbealtı Neşriyatı
  3. ^ Clauson, Gerard (1972) “igne:”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 110
  4. ^ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “iğne”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
  5. ^ Räsänen, Martti (1969) “ignä”, in Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 169
  6. ^ Khabtagaeva, Bayarma (2019) Language Contact in Siberia: Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic Loanwords in Yeniseian (The languages of Asia series; 19)‎[2], Brill, →ISBN, pages 125-126
  7. ^ Vajda, Edward, Werner, Heinrich (2022) “*iˀn”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), volume 1, Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 347
  8. ^ Fortescue, Michael, Vajda, Edward (2022) Mid-Holocene Language Connections between Asia and North America (Brill's Studies in the Indigenous Languages of the Americas; 17)‎[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 272
  9. ^ Vajda, Edward (2024) The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎[4], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 401
  10. ^ Werner, Heinrich (2002) “²iˀn/²iˀn' (n., Pl. ɛ́n'aŋ)”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 390
  11. ^ Argunşah, Mustafa, Güner, Galip (2015) Codex Cumanicus (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 1491), 2022 edition, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, →ISBN
  12. ^ Гаркавец А. Н. (2019) Kitāb‑i Macmū‛‑i Tarcumān‑i Türkī va ‛Acamī va Muġalī va Fārsī‎[5], Almaty: Ministry of Culture and Sport of the Republic of Kazakhstan Kazakh Scientifc Research Institute of Culture, →ISBN, page 399

Further reading

  • Tietze, Andreas (2002, 2009) “iğne”, in Tarihi ve Etimolojik Türkiye Türkçesi Lügati [Historical and Etymological Dictionary of Turkish] (in Turkish), volume III, Istanbul, Vienna, page 576
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