Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kǖč

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Nişanyan suggests an irregular deverbal of a hypothetical *kü- (“to force, to be powerful”), though this explanation fails to address *-č, which is not a regular suffix in Proto-Turkic.

Noun

*kǖč (Common Turkic)

force, strength, power

Declension

Declension of *kǖč (Common Turkic)
	singular	plural ²⁾
nominative	*kǖč	*kǖčler
accusative
genitive	*kǖčniŋ	*kǖčlerniŋ
dative	*kǖčke	*kǖčlerke
locative	*kǖčte	*kǖčlerde
ablative	*kǖčten	*kǖčlerden
instrumental ¹⁾		*kǖčlerin
equative ¹⁾	*kǖčče	*kǖčlerče

¹⁾ The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Common Turkic languages.
²⁾ This plural suffix is used only on Common Turkic, and not in Oghur. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Derived terms

*kǖč-e- (“to compel”)
*kǖč-le- (“to oppress, use violence”)
*kǖč-lig (“powerful”)
*kǖč-lik (“strength”)
*kǖč-siŕ (“powerless”)
*kǖčgey (“violent, difficult”)

Descendants

Arghu
- Khalaj: kîç, kü̂ç
Oghuz
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
  - Azerbaijani: güc
  - Ottoman Turkish: گوچ (güç)
    - Gagauz: güç
    - Turkish: güç
- Salar: küş
- Turkmen: güýç
Karluk
- Karakhanid: كُوجْ (kǖč)
- Khorezmian Turkic: كوچ (küč)
  - Chagatai: كوچ (küç)
    - Uyghur: كۈچ (küch)
    - Uzbek: kuch
  - → Arabic: كُوج (kūj)
  - → Persian: کوچ (kuč)
Kipchak: كوچ (küč)
- North Kipchak
  - Bashkir: көс (kös)
  - Tatar: көч (köç)
- West Kipchak
  - Crimean Tatar: küç
  - Karachay-Balkar: кюч (küç)
  - Karaim: küč
  - Kumyk: гюч (güç)
- Central Kipchak
  - Karakalpak: kúsh
  - Kazakh: күш (küş)
  - Nogai: куьш (küş)
- East Kipchak
  - Kyrgyz: күч (küc)
  - Southern Altai: кӱч (küč)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic: 𐰚𐰇𐰲 (küč /⁠küč⁠/)
- Old Uyghur: 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽽 (kwyc /⁠küč⁠/)
- Northern Siberian:
  - Dolgan: күүс (küüs)
  - Yakut: күүс (küüs)
- Southern Siberian:
  - Yenisei Turkic:
    - Khakas: кӱс (küs)
    - Shor: кӱш (küš)
  - Sayan Turkic:
    - Tuvan: күш (küş)
    - Tofa: күш (küš)
→? Proto-Mongolic: *kücin
- Mongolian: хүч (xüč)
- Monguor:
  - Mangghuer: kuji
  - Mongghul: kuji
→? Rouran: [script needed] (*küǰü)

References

Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*kǖč”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
Clauson, Gerard (1972) “kü:ç”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 693
Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “güç”, in Nişanyan Sözlük