Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/karak

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Clauson derives this word from *kara +‎ *-ak, literally meaning "little black thing". [1] Räsänen instead derives from *kara- + *-ak.[2] Nişanyan lists this word as related to *kara.[3] Nişanyan also considers a derivation from *kara- (“to look”).[4] Compare Proto-Mongolic *kara- (“to see”), Mongolian харах (xarax, “to look”).

Noun

*karak

  1. pupil
  2. eye, eyeball
    Synonym: *köŕ
Derived terms
Descendants
  • Proto-Common Turkic:
  • Oghuz:
    • Old Anatolian Turkish: قرق (qaraq)
    • Turkmen: garak
  • Kipchak: [Term?] (karak)
  • Karluk:
    • Karakhanid: [script needed] (karak)
      • Chagatai: قاراغ (qarağ), قاراق (qaraq)
  • Siberian Turkic:
Further reading
  • Räsänen, Martti (1969) “karak”, in Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 236

Etymology 2

Clauson doubts a morphological identity with the first etymology. [1] Räsänen compares *kar-ma (“robbery”), which would imply a derivation from *kar-.[5]

Noun

*karak

  1. brigandage, pillage
  2. pillager
  3. robber, thief
    Synonym: *ogrï
Descendants
  • Proto-Common Turkic:
  • ⇒ Proto-Common Turkic: *qaraqčï (“pillager, thief”)
  • Oghuz:
    • Old Anatolian Turkish: قرقچی (qaraqçı), قرخچی (qaraḫçı)
    • Turkmen: garakçy
  • Kipchak:
    • Kipchak-Cuman:
      • Kipchak: [script needed] (karačï) (Codex Cumanicus)
      • Karaim: [script needed] (karaxčï)
  • Karluk:
    • Karakhanid:
      • Chagatai: قاراقچی (qaraqči)
        • Uzbek: qaroqchi (“pirate”)
  • Siberian Turkic:
    • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (karakçï)
  • → Khanty: [Term?] (xoraxśi)

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Clauson, Gerard (1972) “karak”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 652
  2. ^ Räsänen, Martti (1969) “kara”, in Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 235
  3. ^ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “kargış”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
  4. ^ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “karakol”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
  5. ^ Räsänen, Martti (1969) “karak”, in Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, pages 235-236
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