Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/karga

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/karga-

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Gagauz and Tuvan point to a long vowel.^[1] Therefore Talât Tekin (1995) reconstructs it as *kārga.^[2]

Noun

*karga

crow

Descendants

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish: قَارْغَه (qarġa), قَرْغَه (qarġa)
  - Azerbaijani: qarğa
  - Gagauz: gaarga, garga
  - Ottoman Turkish: قارغه (karga), قرغه (karga)
    - Turkish: karga
    - → Armenian: խառղա (xaṙġa)
    - →? Bulgarian: га́рга (gárga)
    - → Greek: κάργα (kárga), κάργια (kárgia)
    - → Ubykh: гаарга (gaarga)
- Salar: garğa
- Turkmen: garga
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: [script needed] (qarğa)
  - Chagatai:
    - Uyghur: قاغا (qagha)
    - Uzbek: qargʻa
      - → Pashto: کارغه (kārǧə)
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: ҡарға (qarğa)
  - Tatar: карга (qarga)
- West Kipchak:
  - Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (qarğa)
  - Kumyk: [script needed] (qarğa)
- South Kipchak:
  - Caspian:
    - Karakalpak: [script needed] (qarğa)
    - Kazakh: қарға (qarğa)
    - Nogai: карга (karga)
  - Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    - Kyrgyz: карга (karga)
    - Southern Altai: карга (karga)
- → Chechen: хьаргIа (ḥʳarğa)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic:
  - Old Kirghiz:
    - Khakas: [script needed] (xarğa)
    - Shor: [script needed] (qarğa)
  - Old Uyghur: [script needed] (qarğa)
    - Western Yugur: [script needed] (qər'ɣɑ)
  - Sayan:
    - Tofa: [script needed] (kargan)
    - Tuvan: каарган (kaargan)

References

^ Baskakov, N. A. (1991) İsmail Kaynak, A. Mecit Doğru, transl., Gagauz Türkçesinin Sözlüğü [The Dictionary of Gagauz Turkish] (in Turkish), Ankara: Kültür Bakanlığı Yayınları, page 99
^ Tekin, Talât (1995) Mehmet Ölmez, editor, Türk Dillerinde Birincil Uzun Ünlüler [Primary Long Vowels in Turkic Languages]‎^[1] (in Turkish), 1st edition, Ankara: T.C. Kültür Bakanlığı, →ISBN, page 173

Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*KArga”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

[1] Baskakov, N. A. (1991) İsmail Kaynak, A. Mecit Doğru, transl., Gagauz Türkçesinin Sözlüğü [The Dictionary of Gagauz Turkish] (in Turkish), Ankara: Kültür Bakanlığı Yayınları, page 99

[2] Tekin, Talât (1995) Mehmet Ölmez, editor, Türk Dillerinde Birincil Uzun Ünlüler [Primary Long Vowels in Turkic Languages]‎^[1] (in Turkish), 1st edition, Ankara: T.C. Kültür Bakanlığı, →ISBN, page 173

[1]

[2]