Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yẹgirmi

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

**Proto-Turkic numbers ^(edit)**
← 10	20	30 →
	2
Cardinal: yẹgirmi Ordinal: yẹgirminč Distributive: yẹgirmiĺčer Collective: yẹgirmigü

Alternative reconstructions

*yẹgirim (based on Oghuric descendants)

Etymology

Possibly a simplified or corrupted form of a tens-compound. If so, from *ẹk(k)i (“2”) +‎ *-mïĺ (“a suffix for tens^?”).

Numeral

*yẹgirmi

twenty

Descendants

Proto-Oghur: *ǰeɣirim
- Proto-Bulgar: *č́eɣirim
  - Volga Bulgar: جيرم (ǯiyir(e)m), جيرم (ǯiyerm), [script needed] (ǯ(i)y(e)'m)
    - Late Volga Bulgar: *śerim
      - Old Chuvash: *śerĭm
        Middle Chuvash: *śirĭm
        Chuvash: ҫирӗм (śirĕm)
Common Turkic:

Arghu:
- Khalaj: yigirmi
Proto-Oghuz: *yigirmi
- West Oghuz:
  - Old Anatolian Turkish:
    - Azerbaijani: iyirmi
    - Ottoman Turkish: یگرمی (yigirmi)
      - Gagauz: yirmi
      - Turkish: yirmi
- East Oghuz::
  - Salar: irmi
  - Turkmen: ýigrimi
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: یِكِرْما (yigirme)
  - Chagatai:
    - Uyghur: يىگىرمە (yigirme)
    - Uzbek: yigirma
Kipchak:
- West Kipchak:
  - Crimean Tatar: yigirmi
  - Karachay-Balkar: джыйырма (cıyırma)
  - Karaim: yigirmi
  - Kumyk: йигирма (yigirma)
  - Urum: йирми (yirmi)
- South Kipchak:
  - Karakalpak: жигирма (jigirma)
  - Kazakh: жиырма (jiyrma)
  - Nogai: йырма (yırma)
- Northern Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: егерме (yegerme)
  - Tatar: егерме (yegerme)
- Eastern Kipchak:
  - Kyrgyz: жыйырма (jıyırma)
  - Southern Altai:
    - Teleut: јирме (ǰirme)
Siberian:
- Orkhon Turkic: 𐰘𐰏𐰃𐰼𐰢𐰃 (y²gir²mi)
- Old Uyghur: 𐽶𐽷𐽾𐽹𐽶 (ykrmy /⁠yégirmi⁠/)
  - Western Yugur: jəɣərma (yïɣïrma)
- North Siberian:
  - Dolgan: һүүрбэ (hüürbe)
  - Yakut: сүүрбэ (süürbe)
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan Turkic:
    - Tuvan: чээрби (çeerbi)
  - Yenisei Turkic:
    - Khakas: чибірге (çibìrge)
    - Shor: чегирбе (çegirbe), чебирге (çebirge)
  - Northern Altai: чигирбе (čigirbe), тьербе (tʹyerbe), тьерве (tʹyerve)

References

Agyágasi, Klára (2019) Chuvash Historical Phonetics (Turcologica; 117), Wiesbaden: Harrssowitz, pages 140, 233