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This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *frijōndz.
Noun
*friund m[1]
- friend
- Synonym: *wini
Inflection
| Consonant stem
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Singular
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| Nominative
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*friund
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| Genitive
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*friundi
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Singular
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Plural
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| Nominative
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*friund
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*friundi
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| Accusative
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*friundu
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*friundi
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| Genitive
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*friundi
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*friundō
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| Dative
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*friundi
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*friundum
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| Instrumental
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*friundi
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*friundum
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Derived terms
Descendants
- Old English: frēond, frīond — Mercian, Northumbrian, Kentish
- Middle English: frend, frende, friend, vrend, freend, frond, frund, freind, freynde, vryend, frind, freond (early or Western), froend (Herebert)
- Old Frisian: friūnd, friōnd
- Old Saxon: friund
- Middle Low German: vrint, vrünt, vrent
- Low German: Fründ
- Plautdietsch: Frint
- → Old Swedish: frynt, frynd
- Swedish: frynt (obsolete)
- Old Dutch: friunt, frient
- Old High German: friunt
- Middle High German: vriunt, (all chiefly Central German) vrünt, vrunt, vrūnt
References
- ^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 62: “PWGmc *friund”