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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Present participle of *frijōną, equivalent to *frijōną + *-ndz.[1]
Pronunciation
Noun
*frijōndz m
- friend, loved one
- Synonym: *winiz
- Antonym: *fijandz
Inflection
Declension of *frijōndz (consonant stem)
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singular
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plural
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| nominative
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*frijōndz
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*frijōndiz
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| vocative
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*frijōnd
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*frijōndiz
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| accusative
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*frijōndų
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*frijōndunz
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| genitive
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*frijōndiz
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*frijōndǫ̂
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| dative
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*frijōndi
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*frijōndumaz
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| instrumental
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*frijōndē
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*frijōndumiz
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Derived terms
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *friund
- Old English: frēond, frīond — Mercian, Northumbrian, Kentish
- Middle English: frend, frende, friend, vrend, freend, frond, frund, freind, freynde, vryend, frind, freond (early or Western), froend (Herebert)
- Old Frisian: friūnd, friōnd
- Old Saxon: friund
- Middle Low German: vrint, vrünt, vrent
- Low German: Fründ
- Plautdietsch: Frint
- → Old Swedish: frynt, frynd
- Swedish: frynt (obsolete)
- Old Dutch: friunt, frient
- Old High German: friunt
- Middle High German: vriunt, (all chiefly Central German) vrünt, vrunt, vrūnt
- Proto-Norse:
- Old Norse: fríandi, frjándi, frændi
- Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌾𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃 (frijōnds)
References
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*fri(j)ōnd-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 155