Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/happjā

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Uncertain; possibly from Proto-Germanic *hap- (“to bend, curve”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kemb- (“to bend, curve”); or related to Ancient Greek κοπίς (kopís, “cleaver”), Lithuanian kàpti (“to chop”), Proto-Slavic *kopati (“dig, till”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kep- (“to cut, cleave”); possibly a merger of both.

Noun

*happjā f

  1. a tool used for cutting or pruning (e.g. knife, billhook, sickle, axe, etc.)

Inflection

ōn-stem
Singular
Nominative *happjā
Genitive *happjōn
Singular Plural
Nominative *happjā *happjōn
Accusative *happjōn *happjōn
Genitive *happjōn *happjōnō
Dative *happjōn *happjōm, *happjum
Instrumental *happjōn *happjōm, *happjum

Alternative reconstructions

  • *happā, *hapā
  • *hapsijā/*haspijā

Descendants

  • Old Saxon: *heppia, *hepa
    • Middle Low German: heppe, hēpe, heipe
  • Old Dutch: *hepa
    • Middle Dutch: hēpe
      • Dutch: heep, (dialectal) hiep
  • Old High German: habba, hābba, happa, hebba, heppa
    • Middle High German: happe, hepe, heppe
    • → Old French: happe, hape
      • Middle French: happe, hape (“axe", also "curved piece of metal used as a clamp, crampon”)
        • French: happe (extant senses mostly derived from the related verb happer)
  • → Vulgar Latin: *happia (see there for further descendants)

References

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