Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hringijan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *hringijaną, equivalent to *hring (“ring, sound”) +‎ *-jan.

Verb

*hringijan

  1. to ring, sound
Inflection
Class 1 weak
Infinitive *hringijan
1st sg. past *hringidā
Infinitive *hringijan
Genitive infin. *hringijannjas
Dative infin. *hringijannjē
Instrum. infin. *hringijannju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *hringiju *hringidā
2nd singular *hringisi *hringidēs, *hringidōs
3rd singular *hringiþi *hringidē, *hringidā
1st plural *hringijum *hringidum
2nd plural *hringiþ *hringidud
3rd plural *hringijanþ *hringidun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *hringijē *hringidī
2nd singular *hringijēs *hringidī
3rd singular *hringijē *hringidī
1st plural *hringijēm *hringidīm
2nd plural *hringijēþ *hringidīd
3rd plural *hringijēn *hringidīn
Imperative Present
Singular *hringi
Plural *hringiþ
Present Past
Participle *hringijandī *hringid
Descendants
  • Old English: hrinġan
  • Old Frisian: *ringa
  • Old Dutch: *ringen
  • Old High German: hringan, ringan

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *hringijaną, equivalent to *hring (“ring, circle”) +‎ *-jan.

Verb

*hringijan

  1. to make (into) a ring or circle
  2. to encircle, to surround
  3. to place a ring on
Inflection
Class 1 weak
Infinitive *hringijan
1st sg. past *hringidā
Infinitive *hringijan
Genitive infin. *hringijannjas
Dative infin. *hringijannjē
Instrum. infin. *hringijannju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *hringiju *hringidā
2nd singular *hringisi *hringidēs, *hringidōs
3rd singular *hringiþi *hringidē, *hringidā
1st plural *hringijum *hringidum
2nd plural *hringiþ *hringidud
3rd plural *hringijanþ *hringidun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *hringijē *hringidī
2nd singular *hringijēs *hringidī
3rd singular *hringijē *hringidī
1st plural *hringijēm *hringidīm
2nd plural *hringijēþ *hringidīd
3rd plural *hringijēn *hringidīn
Imperative Present
Singular *hringi
Plural *hringiþ
Present Past
Participle *hringijandī *hringid
Derived terms
Descendants
  • Old English: *hrinġan
  • Old Saxon: *hringian
  • Old Dutch: *ringen
  • Old High German: ringen
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