Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/umbihringijan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From *umbi- +‎ *hringijan.

Verb

*umbihringijan

  1. to encircle, to surround

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive *umbihringijan
1st sg. past *umbihringidā
Infinitive *umbihringijan
Genitive infin. *umbihringijannjas
Dative infin. *umbihringijannjē
Instrum. infin. *umbihringijannju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *umbihringiju *umbihringidā
2nd singular *umbihringisi *umbihringidēs, *umbihringidōs
3rd singular *umbihringiþi *umbihringidē, *umbihringidā
1st plural *umbihringijum *umbihringidum
2nd plural *umbihringiþ *umbihringidud
3rd plural *umbihringijanþ *umbihringidun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *umbihringijē *umbihringidī
2nd singular *umbihringijēs *umbihringidī
3rd singular *umbihringijē *umbihringidī
1st plural *umbihringijēm *umbihringidīm
2nd plural *umbihringijēþ *umbihringidīd
3rd plural *umbihringijēn *umbihringidīn
Imperative Present
Singular *umbihringi
Plural *umbihringiþ
Present Past
Participle *umbihringijandī *umbihringid

Descendants

  • Old English: ymbhrinġan
  • Old Saxon: *umbihringian
    • Middle Low German: ummeringen, ümmeringen
  • Old Dutch: *umbiringen
    • Middle Dutch: omberingen, ommeringen, omberinghen, ommeringhen
  • Old High German: umbiringen
    • Middle High German: umberingen, ummeringen
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