Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kesul

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Lacking Indo-European cognates outside of Baltic (Old Prussian sixdo (“sand”), Lithuanian ži̇̀zdras), the word is probably of non-Indo-European substrate origin; compare Georgian ქვიშა (kviša, “sand”).[1]

Noun

*kesul m

  1. pebble, gravel

Inflection

Masculine a-stem
Singular
Nominative *kesul
Genitive *kesulas
Singular Plural
Nominative *kesul *kesulō, *kesulōs
Accusative *kesul *kesulā
Genitive *kesulas *kesulō
Dative *kesulē *kesulum
Instrumental *kesulu *kesulum

Alternative reconstructions

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Old English: ċeosol, ċeosel, ċysel, ċisel, ċisil
    • Middle English: chesil, chesel, chisel
  • Old Saxon: *kesal
    • Middle Low German: kēserlinc, kesserling, kēselinc, kīserlinc
  • Old Dutch: *kesal
    • Middle Dutch: kesel, keisel, kijsel
      • Dutch: keizel
  • Old High German: chisil, kisil

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “kisila-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 289
  2. ^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 204: “PWGmc *kisil”
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