Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kwellan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Presumably from Proto-Germanic *kwellaną, possibly a secondary strong verb of unattested full-grade iterative verb *kwellōną,^[1] from pre-Proto-Germanic *gʷel-nā́-ti ~ *gʷul-un-ánti, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to drip”). Cognate with Sanskrit गलति (galati, “to drip”),^[2] Hittite [Term?] (/⁠ku(wa)liya-⁠/, “to flow (calmly), to be calm”).

Verb

*kwellan^[2]^[3]

to well up, swell up

Inflection

Strong class 3
Infinitive	*kwellan
1st sg. past	*kwall
3rd pl. past	*kullun
Past ptcple	*kollan
Infinitive	*kwellan
Genitive infin.	*kwellannjas
Dative infin.	*kwellannjē
Instrum. infin.	*kwellannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*kwellu	*kwall
2nd singular	*kwilliʀi	*kullī
3rd singular	*kwillidi	*kwall
1st plural	*kwellum	*kullum
2nd plural	*kwillid	*kullud
3rd plural	*kwelland	*kullun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*kwellē	*kullī
2nd singular	*kwellēs	*kullī
3rd singular	*kwellē	*kullī
1st plural	*kwellēm	*kullīm
2nd plural	*kwellēþ	*kullīd
3rd plural	*kwellēn	*kullīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*kwill
Plural	*kwillid
	Present	Past
Participle	*kwellandī	*kollan

Alternative reconstructions

*kwalljan

Related terms

*kollā
- ⇒ *kollōnferhþu
  - Old English: collenferhþ (“proud, bold”)
- ⇒ *kollōnkrōgu
  - Old English: colloncrōg, collencrōg (“waterlily”)
*kwal
- Old Saxon:
  - Middle Low German: qual
- Old High German:
  - Middle High German: qual
    - German: Quall (archaic)
    - ⇒ Middle High German: ūzqual
    - ⇒ Middle High German: wazzerqual, wazzerquel
*kwalljā

Derived terms

*kwellōnbrunnō (“water source, spring”)
- Old Saxon: *kwellborno
  - Middle Low German: quelborn
- Old High German: *kwellbrunno
  - Middle High German: quëlbrunne
    - German: Quellbrunnen
*kwellungu
*uppakwellan
*ūtkwellan
- Old Dutch: *ūtquelan
  - Middle Dutch: ūtquēlen
- Old High German: ūzkwellan, ūzquellan

Descendants

Old Saxon: quellan
- Middle Low German: quellen, quillen
  - → Swedish: kvälla
Old Dutch: *quellan
- Middle Dutch: quellen
  - Dutch: kwellen
  - Limburgish: kwèlle
Old High German: kwellan, quellan
- Middle High German: quëllen, quallen
  - German: quellen
  - Yiddish: קוועלן (kveln)
    - → English: kvell
- ⇒ Old High German: ubarkwellan, ubarquellan

References

^ Philippa, Marlies, Debrabandere, Frans, Quak, Arend, Schoonheim, Tanneke, van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009) “kwellen 2”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands‎^[1] (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*kwellanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 227
^ Seebold, Elmar (1970) “KWELL-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 314

[1] Philippa, Marlies, Debrabandere, Frans, Quak, Arend, Schoonheim, Tanneke, van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009) “kwellen 2”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands‎^[1] (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press

[HGE-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*kwellanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 227

[3] Seebold, Elmar (1970) “KWELL-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 314

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