Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/mūl

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin mūlus (“mule”).^[1]

Noun

*mūl m

mule

Inflection

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*mūl
Genitive	*mūlas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*mūl	mūlō, mūlōs
Accusative	*mūl	*mūlā
Genitive	*mūlas	*mūlō
Dative	*mūlē	*mūlum
Instrumental	*mūlu	*mūlum

Derived terms

*mūladeuʀ
- Old Dutch: *mūldier
  - Middle Dutch: *muuldier
    - Dutch: muildier
- Old High German: *mūltior
  - Middle High German: *mūltier
    - German: Maultier
*mūlasil
- Old Saxon: *mūlesel
  - Middle Low German: mūlēsel, muelēsel
- Old Dutch: *mūlesil
  - Middle Dutch: *muulēsel
    - Dutch: muilezel
- Old High German: *mūlesil
  - Middle High German: *mūlesel
    - German: Maulesel
*mūlō
- Old Saxon: *mūlo
  - Middle Low German: muyle, mūle
- Old Dutch: *mūlo
  - Middle Dutch: mûle
- Old High German: mūlō
  - Middle High German: mūle

Descendants

Old English: mūl
- Middle English: mule
  - English: mule
    - → Hawaiian: miula
    - → Irish: miúil
    - → Maori: miūru
Old Saxon: *mūl
- Middle Low German: mûl
Old Dutch: *mūl
- Middle Dutch: muul
  - Dutch: muil
Old High German: mūl
- Middle High German: mūl, muol
  - German: Maul (archaic)
  - ⇒ German: Muli

References

^ de Vries, Jan (1971) “muil 2”, in Nederlands etymologisch woordenboek [Dutch etymological dictionary] (in Dutch), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN

[1] Vries, Jan (1971) “muil 2”, in Nederlands etymologisch woordenboek [Dutch etymological dictionary] (in Dutch), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN

[1]