Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/midi

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *midi, from Proto-Indo-European *meth₂, from *me (“with”). Cognate with Ancient Greek μετά (metá, “among, between, with”), Sanskrit स्मत् (smat, “together, at the same time”).

Preposition

*midi

with, by, through [with instrumental]
along, together

Descendants

Old English: mid, miþ, mit
- Middle English: mid
  - English: mid
Old Frisian: mith, mit, mei, mithi, mithe, methe
- North Frisian: mits
- Saterland Frisian: mäd
- West Frisian: mei
Old Saxon: mid, midi, mit, met
- Middle Low German: mēde, mid
  - Low German: mit, met
Old Dutch: mit, mid, midi, bit (rare)
- Middle Dutch: met
  - Dutch: met
  - Limburgish: mit
Old High German: mit, miti
- Middle High German: mite, mit
  - Bavarian: mit
  - Cimbrian: met
  - German: mit
  - Hunsrik: mit
  - Luxembourgish: mat
  - Vilamovian: myt
  - Yiddish: מיט (mit)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *midjaz.

Adjective

*midi^[1]

middle, mid

Inflection

ja-stem
Singular	Masculine
Nominative	*midi
Genitive	*middjas
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*midi	*middju	*midi
Accusative	*middjanā	*middjā	*midi
Genitive	*middjas	*middjeʀā	*middjas
Dative	*middjumē	*middjeʀē	*middjumē
Instrumental	*middju	*middjeʀu	*middju
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*middjē	*middjō	*middju
Accusative	*middjā	*middjā	*middju
Genitive	*middjeʀō	*middjeʀō	*middjeʀō
Dative	middjēm, middjum	middjēm, middjum	middjēm, middjum
Instrumental	middjēm, middjum	middjēm, middjum	middjēm, middjum

Descendants

Old English: midd
- Middle English: midde
  - English: mid
Old Frisian: midde
- West Frisian: mid-
Old Saxon: middi
- Middle Low German: midde
Old Dutch: *middi
- Middle Dutch: mid-, midden (from the weak dative plural)
  - Dutch: mid-, midden
Old High German: mitti
- Middle High German: mitte
  - Bavarian: Mittn
  - German: Mitte (noun)
  - Luxembourgish: Mëtt

References

^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 51: “PWGmc *midi”

[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 51: “PWGmc *midi”

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