Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/nīþijan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *nīþijaną. Equivalent to *nīþ (“hate, envy, malice”) +‎ *-jan.

Verb

*nīþijan

  1. to revile
  2. to despise

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive *nīþijan
1st sg. past *nīþidā
Infinitive *nīþijan
Genitive infin. *nīþijannjas
Dative infin. *nīþijannjē
Instrum. infin. *nīþijannju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *nīþiju *nīþidā
2nd singular *nīþisi *nīþidēs, *nīþidōs
3rd singular *nīþiþi *nīþidē, *nīþidā
1st plural *nīþijum *nīþidum
2nd plural *nīþiþ *nīþidud
3rd plural *nīþijanþ *nīþidun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *nīþijē *nīþidī
2nd singular *nīþijēs *nīþidī
3rd singular *nīþijē *nīþidī
1st plural *nīþijēm *nīþidīm
2nd plural *nīþijēþ *nīþidīd
3rd plural *nīþijēn *nīþidīn
Imperative Present
Singular *nīþi
Plural *nīþiþ
Present Past
Participle *nīþijandī *nīþid

Descendants

  • Old English: nīþan
  • Old Saxon: *nīthian
    • Middle Low German: nīden
  • Old Dutch: nīthen
    • Middle Dutch: niden
  • Old High German: nīden
    • Middle High German: nīden
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