Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/rīfilōn

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *rīfilōną (“to scrape, scratch, graze”), *rīfjaną, *rīfaną (“to tear, rend”) +‎ *-lōną (frequentative suffix). Cognate with Old Norse hrufla (“to graze”).

Verb

*rīfilōn

  1. to scrape, scratch

Conjugation

Class 2 weak
Infinitive *rīfilōn
1st sg. past *rīfilōdā
Infinitive *rīfilōn
Genitive infin. *rīfilōnijas
Dative infin. *rīfilōnijē
Instrum. infin. *rīfilōniju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *rīfilō *rīfilōdā
2nd singular *rīfilōs *rīfilōdēs, *rīfilōdōs
3rd singular *rīfilōþ *rīfilōdē, *rīfilōdā
1st plural *rīfilōm *rīfilōdum
2nd plural *rīfilōþ *rīfilōdud
3rd plural *rīfilōnþ *rīfilōdun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *rīfilō *rīfilōdī
2nd singular *rīfilōs *rīfilōdī
3rd singular *rīfilō *rīfilōdī
1st plural *rīfilōm *rīfilōdīm
2nd plural *rīfilōþ *rīfilōdīd
3rd plural *rīfilōn *rīfilōdīn
Imperative Present
Singular *rīfilō
Plural *rīfilōþ
Present Past
Participle *rīfilōndī *rīfilōd

Descendants

  • Old English: geriflian
  • West Frisian: riffelje
  • Low German: rieveln, riffeln, ruffelen
  • Old Dutch: riffilon
    • Middle Dutch: rijffelen, rijfelen, ruifelen, ruyffelen
  • Old High German: riffilōn
  • → Old French: rifler, riffler, ryffler, rofler, rufler, rufeler (see there for further descendants)
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