Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/sap

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *sap- (“to taste, perceive; juice”); see also Old Norse safi (“sap, juice”), Old Armenian համ (ham, “taste”), Latin sapa (“must, new wine”),[1] Russian со́пли (sópli, “snivel”), Welsh syb-wydd (“fir”), Avestan 𐬬𐬌-𐬱𐬁𐬞𐬀 (vi-šāpa, “having poisonous juices”), Sanskrit सबर् (sabar, “juice, nectar”)).

Noun

*sap n

  1. juice
  2. sap

Inflection

Neuter a-stem
Singular
Nominative *sap
Genitive *sapas
Singular Plural
Nominative *sap *sapu
Accusative *sap *sapu
Genitive *sapas *sapō
Dative *sapē *sapum
Instrumental *sapu *sapum

Descendants

  • Old English: sæp
  • Old Frisian: *sep, *sap
  • Old Saxon: sap
    • Middle Low German: sap
      • German Low German: Sapp
      • Low German: Sap
  • Old Dutch: *sap
  • Old High German: saf

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*saf/ppan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 420

Further reading

  • Smith, Arden Ray (1997): Germanic Linguistic Influence on the Invented Languages of J.R.R. Tolkien
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