Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/spilōn

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From *spil (“game; play; dance”) +‎ *-ōn (“denominative verbal suffix”).^[1]

Verb

*spilōn

to play
to dance, move

Inflection

Class 2 weak
Infinitive	*spilōn
1st sg. past	*spilōdā
Infinitive	*spilōn
Genitive infin.	*spilōnijas
Dative infin.	*spilōnijē
Instrum. infin.	*spilōniju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*spilō	*spilōdā
2nd singular	*spilōs	spilōdēs, spilōdōs
3rd singular	*spilōþ	spilōdē, spilōdā
1st plural	*spilōm	*spilōdum
2nd plural	*spilōþ	*spilōdud
3rd plural	*spilōnþ	*spilōdun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*spilō	*spilōdī
2nd singular	*spilōs	*spilōdī
3rd singular	*spilō	*spilōdī
1st plural	*spilōm	*spilōdīm
2nd plural	*spilōþ	*spilōdīd
3rd plural	*spilōn	*spilōdīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*spilō
Plural	*spilōþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*spilōndī	*spilōd

Descendants

Old English: spilian, spillian
- Middle English: spilen
  - Early Scots: *spel, *spele (attested in spelare)
    - Scots: speill
      - → English: speel
Old Frisian: spilia
- North Frisian: spàlen
- Saterland Frisian: spielje
- West Frisian: spylje
Old Saxon: spilōn
- Middle Low German: spēlen, spȫlen, spillen
  - Low German: spielen
  - German Low German: spälen, spelen, spillen, spölen
  - → Old Norse: spila^[2]
    - Icelandic: spila
    - Faroese: spæla
    - Norwegian Bokmål: spelle, spille
    - Norwegian Nynorsk: spela, spele
    - Swedish: spela
      - → Finnish: pelata
    - Danish: spille
Old Dutch: *spilon
- Middle Dutch: spelen
  - Dutch: spelen
    - Afrikaans: speel
    - Berbice Creole Dutch: pele
    - Negerhollands: speel
  - Limburgish: spaele, spele, späöle
Old High German: spilōn
- Middle High German: spilen, spiln
  - Alemannic German: schpile
    Swabian: schpile, schpiele
    
    Italian Walser: schpélju, schpile, schpélu, schpìlju, spélò, spillun
  - Bavarian: spiln, schpiln, sghpiln, schbuin, schbejn, schbiin
    Cimbrian: spiln, spillan (Sette Comuni)
    
    Mòcheno: spiln
  - Central Franconian: spille, spelle
    Hunsrik: spiele
    
    Luxembourgish: spillen
  - East Franconian: schbieln
  - German: spielen
  - Yiddish: שפּילן (shpiln)

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*spila-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 343: “*spilōjan-”
^ van der Sijs, Nicoline (2010) “spelen”, in Nederlandse woorden wereldwijd [Dutch words worldwide]‎^[2] (in Dutch), The Hague: Sdu Uitgevers, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 597

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*spila-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 343: “*spilōjan-”

[2] van der Sijs, Nicoline (2010) “spelen”, in Nederlandse woorden wereldwijd [Dutch words worldwide]‎^[2] (in Dutch), The Hague: Sdu Uitgevers, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 597

[1]

[2]