Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/swīgēn

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From *swīgā (“silence”) or *swīgī (“silent”) +‎ *-ēn.

Verb

*swīgēn

  1. to be silent
    Synonyms: *stillēn, *þagēn

Inflection

Class 3 weak
Infinitive *swīgēn
1st sg. past *swīg?dā
Infinitive *swīgēn
Genitive infin. *swīgēnijas
Dative infin. *swīgēnijē
Instrum. infin. *swīgēniju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *swīgē *swīg?dā
2nd singular *swīgēs *swīg?dēs, *swīg?dēs
3rd singular *swīgēþ *swīg?dē, *swīg?dā
1st plural *swīgēm *swīg?dum
2nd plural *swīgēþ *swīg?dud
3rd plural *swīgēnþ *swīg?dun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *swīgē *swīg?dī
2nd singular *swīgēs *swīg?dī
3rd singular *swīgē *swīg?dī
1st plural *swīgēm *swīg?dīm
2nd plural *swīgēþ *swīg?dīd
3rd plural *swīgēn *swīg?dīn
Imperative Present
Singular *swīgē
Plural *swīgēþ
Present Past
Participle *swīgēndī *swīg?d

Derived terms

  • *swīgung
    • Old English: swīgung
      • Middle English: swiʒunge, swiʒunga
    • Old High German: swīgunga

Descendants

The verb was originally a weak stative verb, but developed strong forms in early Middle Dutch and Middle High German.

Further reading

  • Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*swīgēn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 501
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