Reconstruction:Proto-Yeniseian/ɟex

This Proto-Yeniseian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Yeniseian

Wikispecies

Alternative reconstructions

  • *dit (per Werner 2002)
  • *ǯida (per Starostin 1994-2005)
  • *dīˑtʲ (for Proto-Ketic), *pʰênčera (for Proto-Kottic, per Vajda-Werner 2022)
  • *dʲedʳ (per Fortescue-Vajda 2022)
  • *dīˑɟ (for Proto-Ketic), *ɟeɟa, *ɟex-ja, *ɟedʳa (for Proto-Yeniseian), *dex-ja (for Pre-Proto-Yeniseian, per Vajda 2024)

Etymology

Compared to Proto-Athabaskan *dəxʲ (“spruce grouse (Falcipennis canadensis)”).

Only Vajda-Werner (2022) out of all the sources consulted does not lump Ketic terms with Kottic. The etymology of the -čer- part in Kott form given below is left unexplained by them. It is included here, following Fortescue-Vajda (2022) and Vajda (2024).

Noun

*ɟex (plural *ɟex-ja-n)

  1. (zoology, ornithology) wood grouse, Western capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus)
    Coordinate terms: *ban (“duck”), *bix (“loon”), *potʳ (“merganser”), *tʳaɢa (“a kind of diving duck”), *cam (“goose”), *cijga (“swan”)

Descendants

  • Ketic:
    • Imbak Ket: dɨd (“black grouse”) (Bahta dialect)
    • Imbak Ket: dyd (“black grouse?”) (Eed-Šeš dialect)
    • Imbak Ket: dɨtt (“black grouse?”) (per Tretjakov)
    • Yug: дидь (dīdʲ)
  • Kottic:
    • ⇒ Kott: fênčera, pʰênčera (“female spruce grouse”) (fên-čer-a)

Further reading

  • Fortescue, Michael, Vajda, Edward (2022) “4.) ~*dedʳ”, in Mid-Holocene Language Connections between Asia and North America (Brill's Studies in the Indigenous Languages of the Americas; 17)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 328-329
  • Vajda, Edward, Werner, Heinrich (2022) “*dīˑtʲ”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), volume 1, Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 208
  • Vajda, Edward, Werner, Heinrich (2022) “*pʰênčera”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), volume 1, Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 559
  • Vajda, Edward (2024) The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎[2], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 387
  • Werner, Heinrich (2002) “(1) diˑt (I)”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, volume 1, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 193
  • Werner, Heinrich (2005) “Auerhahn, Birkhahn”, in Die Jenissej-Sprachen des 18. Jahrhunderts, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, pages 227, 229
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