Reconstruction:Proto-Yeniseian/cam

This Proto-Yeniseian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Yeniseian

Alternative reconstructions

  • *tʲamə (per Werner 2002)
  • *čem (per Starostin 1994-2005)
  • *tʲēˑm, *tʲāˑm (per Vajda-Werner 2022)
  • *cēˑm (for Proto-Ketic), *cam-ja (per Vajda 2024)
  • *cam, *cem (per Cologne group 2023 & 2024. Pattern: t.1-m.1)

Reconstruction notes

Pumpokol xam violates a clear correspondence, which is most likely motivated by the vowel or is perhaps a recording error instead.

Etymology

Noun

*cam (plural *cam-ja-n)

  1. (zoology, ornithology) goose
    Coordinate terms: *ban (“duck”), *bix (“loon”), *potʳ (“merganser”), *tʳaɢa (“a kind of diving duck”), *cijga (“swan”), *ɟex (“wood grouse”)

Descendants

  • Ketic:
    • Ket: тем (tɛ̄m, “goose”)
    • Ostyak Yug: tem, čem, tɨm
      • Yug: чем (čēm, “goose”)
  • Proto-Ketic *cam-*at?
    • ⇒ Ket: таммэт (tammɛ́t, “northern pintail duck”)
    • ⇒ Yug: чамат (čamat, “northern pintail duck”)
  • Kottic:
    • Assan: šáme, camii
    • Kott: šame, šaman
      • ⇒ Kott: čamaršulpi (“cranberry”, literally “goose-of-berry”)
  • Arinic:
    • Arin: sam
      • ⇒ Arin: samran (“goose”)
  • Pumpokolic:

Further reading

  • Bonmann, Svenja, Fries, Simon, Korobzow, Natalie, Günther, Laura, Hill, Eugen (2023) “'goose'”, in “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part I: Word-Initial Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[1], number 5, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 41, 53 of 39-82
  • Bonmann, Svenja, Fries, Simon, Korobzow, Natalie, Günther, Laura, Hill, Eugen (2023) “t.1 (Table 28)”, in “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part I: Word-Initial Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[2], number 5, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 70 of 39-82
  • Hill, Eugen, Fries, Simon, Korobzow, Natalie, Günther, Laura, Svenja, Bonmann (2024) “'goose'a”, in “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part II: Word-Final Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[3], number 6, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 268 of 216-293
  • Hill, Eugen, Fries, Simon, Korobzow, Natalie, Günther, Laura, Svenja, Bonmann (2024) “Coda-m.1 (Table 21)”, in “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part II: Word-Final Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[4], number 6, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 279 of 216-293
  • Vajda, Edward, Werner, Heinrich (2022) “*tʲēˑm/*tʲāˑm”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), volume 2, Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, pages 945-946
  • Vajda, Edward (2024) “*cam-ja”, in The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎[5], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 418
  • Werner, Heinrich (2002) “(1) teˑm”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, volume 2, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 260
  • Werner, Heinrich (2005) “goose”, in Die Jenissej-Sprachen des 18. Jahrhunderts, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, pages 299-300
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