Reconstruction:Proto-Yeniseian/-Vŋʷ

This Proto-Yeniseian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Yeniseian

Alternative reconstructions

  • *-ŋ ('deriv. suff. of collective nouns' and 'rare thematic consonant'), *-ʌ (per Vajda-Werner 2022)
  • *-ŋʷ (per Fortescue-Vajda 2022 and Vajda 2024 as an alternative for the unclear vowel quality)

Reconstruction notes

Uncertain vowel sound, represented as *V here, reconstructs an epenthetic vowel that is apart of the suffix but changes unpredictably due to the adjacent sounds, which makes listing a complete list of descendant forms of this unproductive suffix quite difficult. See Fortescue-Vajda (2022) and Vajda (2024) for a more in-depth discussion on this suffix.

Etymology

Despite some plausible theories, a secure morphological connection to any Na-Dené affixes have not yet been made. The relation between the 'adjectival suffix' and 'action nominal suffix' functions is unknown.

Suffix

*-Vŋʷ

  1. adjectival marker (used with nouns)
  2. action nominal marker (used with verbs)

Derived terms

Proto-Yeniseian terms suffixed with *-Vŋʷ
Reconstruction:Proto-Yeniseian/kaɬVŋʷ
Reconstruction:Proto-Yeniseian/tajcVŋʷ
Reconstruction:Proto-Yeniseian/tuwVŋʷ

Descendants

  • ⇒ Proto-Yeniseian: *-wasVŋʷ (ordinal numeral suffix)

Further reading

  • Fortescue, Michael, Vajda, Edward (2022) Mid-Holocene Language Connections between Asia and North America (Brill's Studies in the Indigenous Languages of the Americas; 17)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 259
  • Fortescue, Michael, Vajda, Edward (2022) Mid-Holocene Language Connections between Asia and North America (Brill's Studies in the Indigenous Languages of the Americas; 17)‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 398
  • Vajda, Edward, Werner, Heinrich (2022) “*-ŋ (2, 3)”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 505
  • Vajda, Edward (2024) The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎[3], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 381, 383
  • Vajda, Edward (2024) The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎[4], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 386-387
  • Vajda, Edward (2024) “8.3.5. Adjectives”, in The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎[5], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 438
  • Vajda, Edward (2024) “8.4.5 Action nominals”, in The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎[6], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 469-470
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