Reconstruction:Proto-Yeniseian/maŋ

This Proto-Yeniseian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Yeniseian

Alternative reconstructions

  • *baˀŋ (per Werner 2002, Khabtagaeva 2019[1] and Vajda-Werner 2022)
  • *baŋ (per Fortescue-Vajda 2022)
  • *baŋ (per Cologne group 2023 & 2024. Pattern: b.1-ŋ.1)

Reconstruction notes

This root is the only known Proto-Yeniseian reconstructed root that reflects b- in the stress position and -m- in the unstressed position, unlike the rest of the reconstructed terms that start with *b-. Nasal assimilation never affects Proto-Yeniseian *b-, which tempts Fortescue-Vajda (2022) and Vajda (2024) to a reconstructed nasal onset *m- instead.

Assan pan and Arin piem with seemingly different nasals must be recording errors or perhaps rare variants, as these languages also attest forms with -ŋ, and thus are not a reason to not assume a velar nasal coda.

Etymology

Compared to Proto-Na-Dene *ʔan (“land”); Proto-Athabaskan *ŋənʔ (“land”), Eyak ʔãh (“land, territory”) and Tlingit héen (“river, fresh water”), with an earlier meaning of "ground", though the sound incongruency between Yeniseian *-ŋ and Na-Dené *-n is noted.

Noun

*maŋ (plural *maŋ-Vŋ)

  1. (geography) earth, place, ground
Derived terms

Descendants

  • Ketic:
    • Imbak Ket: baŋ (Eed-Šeš dialect)
    • Imbak Ket: bːaŋ, bax, bak
    • Ostyak Yug: baŋ
      • Yug: ба’ӈ (baˀŋ)
  • Kottic:
    • Assan: paŋ, pan
    • Kott: paŋ, pak
      • Kott: -man (attributive)
  • Arinic:
    • Arin: peŋ, pieŋ, pem, piem
    • Arin: -ma (attributive)
  • Pumpokolic:

References

  1. ^ Khabtagaeva, Bayarma (2019) Language Contact in Siberia: Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic Loanwords in Yeniseian (The languages of Asia series; 19)‎[1], Brill, →ISBN, page 335

Further reading

  • Bonmann, Svenja, Fries, Simon, Korobzow, Natalie, Günther, Laura, Hill, Eugen (2023) “'earth, land'”, in “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part I: Word-Initial Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[2], number 5, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 46 of 39-82
  • Bonmann, Svenja, Fries, Simon, Korobzow, Natalie, Günther, Laura, Hill, Eugen (2023) “b.1 (Table 28)”, in “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part I: Word-Initial Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[3], number 5, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 70 of 39-82
  • Hill, Eugen, Fries, Simon, Korobzow, Natalie, Günther, Laura, Svenja, Bonmann (2024) “'earth, land'a”, in “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part II: Word-Final Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[4], number 6, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 272 of 216-293
  • Hill, Eugen, Fries, Simon, Korobzow, Natalie, Günther, Laura, Svenja, Bonmann (2024) “Coda-ŋ.1 (Table 21)”, in “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part II: Word-Final Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[5], number 6, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 279 of 216-293
  • Fortescue, Michael, Vajda, Edward (2022) “PY *a”, in Mid-Holocene Language Connections between Asia and North America (Brill's Studies in the Indigenous Languages of the Americas; 17)‎[6], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 268
  • Fortescue, Michael, Vajda, Edward (2022) “133.) ~*man()”, in Mid-Holocene Language Connections between Asia and North America (Brill's Studies in the Indigenous Languages of the Americas; 17)‎[7], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 390
  • Vajda, Edward, Werner, Heinrich (2022) “*baˀŋ (1, 2, 3)”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), volume 1, Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 107
  • Vajda, Edward (2024) “*baŋ [< *maŋ]”, in The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎[8], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 412
  • Vajda, Edward (2024) “*m: *baŋ”, in The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎[9], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 416
  • Werner, Heinrich (2002) “²baˀŋ (I)”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, volume 1, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 110
  • Werner, Heinrich (2005) “earth”, in Die Jenissej-Sprachen des 18. Jahrhunderts, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 292
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