Reconstruction:Proto-Yeniseian/oɢd

This Proto-Yeniseian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
This Proto-Yeniseian entry contains original research. The reconstruction in this entry is based on published research, but the specific form presented here is not found in prior works.

Proto-Yeniseian

Alternative reconstructions

  • *ˀɔgde, *ˀɔq-tV (per Werner 2002 and Starostin 1994-2005)
  • *ogdʌ, *oqtʌ (for Proto-Keto-Yugh), *utqʌn, *otqʌn (for Old Arin and Pumpokol, per Vajda-Werner 2022)
  • *oqt, *owqt, *ogd, *owgd (per Fortescue-Vajda 2022)

Etymology

Compared to Proto-Na-Dene *-ǰoq (“ear”); Proto-Athabaskan *-džəx-əʔ (“outer ear”), Eyak ǰǝhχ, ǰǝχ (“ear”) and Tlingit gúk (-gúg, “ear”). A relation with Proto-Yeniseian *oɢ (“exposed surface”) can also be drawn.

Arin utkuj (“ear”) and itko-men-ša (“deaf”) reflect a fossilized compound of *oɢd-gakʷ (literally “ear-opening”),[1] and this compounding might have triggered the metathesis seen in Arin and Pumpokol forms.

Kottic words for 'ear', Kott kalôx, kalôq, kalog, kalógan and Assan klokan, kológan (“pair of ears”), are borrowed from Proto-Turkic *kulkak (“ear”).[2][3]

Noun

*oɢd (plural *oɢd-Vŋ or *oɢd-ja-n)

  1. (anatomy) ear

Descendants

  • Ketic:
    • Imbak Ket: ókden, hokten, okd
      • Ket: огдэ (ɔ́gdɛ)
        • ⇒ Ket: оӄдън (ɔ́qdʌn), оӄдын (ɔ́qdɨn), оӄтән (ɔ́qtən, “earring”)
        • ⇒? Ket: огды (ɔɣdɨ, “riverbend”)
      • ⇒ Ket: огэй (ɔ́ɣɛj, “noise”)
    • Ostyak Yug: hókten
      • Yug: охтын (ɔ́χtɨn)
        • ⇒ Yug: огдън (ɔgdʌn, “earring”)
      • ⇒ Yug: огэй (ɔɣɛj, “to make noise”) (action nominal)
  • Arinic:
    • Arin: utkuj (Metathesised, see paragraph two.)
    • ⇒ Arin: utq'öːnoŋ, utk'ɛnóŋ (Metathesised.)
  • Pumpokolic:
    • Pumpokol: átkin (Metathesised.)
  • ⇒ Proto-Yeniseian: *oɢt-ja-pan(-še) (“deaf”, literally “ear-without”)
    • Ketic:
      • Ket: огдэнен (ɔ́gdɛnɛn), огдэнан (ɔ́gdɛnan)
    • Arinic:
      • Arin: itkomenša (itko-men-ša)[4]

References

  1. ^ Vajda, Edward (2024) “*gakʷ”, in The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎[1], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 422
  2. ^ Khabtagaeva, Bayarma (2019) Language Contact in Siberia: Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic Loanwords in Yeniseian (The languages of Asia series; 19)‎[2], Brill, →ISBN, page 24
  3. ^ Vajda, Edward, Werner, Heinrich (2022) “kalôx”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), volume 1, Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 378
  4. ^ Hill, Eugen, Fries, Simon, Korobzow, Natalie, Günther, Laura, Svenja, Bonmann (2024) “fn. d”, in “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part II: Word-Final Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[3], number 6, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 251 of 216-293

Further reading

  • Fortescue, Michael, Vajda, Edward (2022) “50.) ~*ǰoq”, in Mid-Holocene Language Connections between Asia and North America (Brill's Studies in the Indigenous Languages of the Americas; 17)‎[4], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 350
  • Vajda, Edward, Werner, Heinrich (2022) “*ogdʌ/*oqtʌ”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), volume 1, Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 510
  • Vajda, Edward, Werner, Heinrich (2022) “*utqʌn/*otqʌn”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), volume 2, Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 1037
  • Werner, Heinrich (2002) “ɔ́gdɛ”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, volume 2, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 31
  • Werner, Heinrich (2002) “ɔ́gdɛnɛn/ɔ́gdɛnan”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, volume 2, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 31
  • Werner, Heinrich (2005) “ear (aures)”, in Die Jenissej-Sprachen des 18. Jahrhunderts, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 292
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