Reconstruction:Proto-Yeniseian/tɬadʳ

This Proto-Yeniseian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Yeniseian

Alternative reconstructions

*kaλ, *ker- (per Werner 2002 and Vajda-Werner 2022)
*gar (per Starostin 1994-2005)
*toɬadʳ, *tɬ(a)-adʳ (per Fortescue-Vajda 2022)

Reconstruction notes

Arin ken (“cunnus”) is peculiar. A regular reflex from *tɬadʳ would yield an Arinic *lar ~ *lej, which would theoretically pluralize into **len, instead of the attested ken. Werner (2002) assumes a secondary root *ker-, which is then pluralized into **kerVn to accommodate for the coda element in Arin. Thus, Arin descendant is given here only tentatively, if it even is a descendant and not from a separate lexeme.

Etymology

Composed of *toɬ (“bottom, low”) +‎ *adʳ (“bone, body part”). Doublet of *toɬadʳ (“paw”) and cognate with Proto-Yeniseian *toɬVɢ (“underside, bottom; stomach, butt”). This compound is also compared to the homologous compounds in Na-Dene languages, for which compare Proto-Athabaskan *tɬˀaˑχ, *tɬˀaˑʁeˑ (“underside, bottom”), and thus also Proto-Athabaskan *tɬˀaˑ (“rump, arse”).

Noun

*tɬadʳ (plural *tɬadʳ-Vŋ)

(anatomy) vulva, female genital organ
Synonym: *ɬaws

Coordinate term: *bus (“penis, male genital organ”)

Descendants

Kottic:
- Assan: karš, kar
- Kott: kar
Arinic:
- >? Arin: ken (plural?)
Pumpokolic:
- Pumpokol: lat
  - ⇒^? Proto-Ketic: *latʌλ (“growth or groove on a tree trunk”)
    - Ket: латыл (látɨl)
    - Yug: латар (látar)