Reconstruction:Proto-Yeniseian/adʳ

This Proto-Yeniseian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Yeniseian

Alternative reconstructions

  • *aˀt, *ˀaˀd, *xaˀd (per Werner 2002)
  • *aˀd (per Vajda-Werner 2022)
  • *ad (per Cologne group 2024. Pattern: ?-t.3)

Etymology

Noun

*adʳ (plural *adʳ-Vŋ)

  1. (anatomy, zootomy) bone
    Synonym: *qawg
Derived terms
  • *pugadʳ (“tail”, literally “fluffy-bone”)
  • *toɬadʳ (“paw”, literally “low-bone”)
  • *tɬadʳ (“vulva, female genital organ”, literally “low-body part”)

Descendants

  • Ketic:
    • Imbak Ket: at
      • Ket: аʼт (aˀt, aˀɾ-)
      • ⇒ Ket: богат (bɔɣat, “right side”, literally “?-bone”) (The bɔɣ- element is unclear. cf. Kott pagai)
    • Yug: аʼд (aˀd)
  • Kottic:
    • ⇒ Assan: hénar, kéŋar, kehar (“hand”, literally “brachium-bone”)
    • ⇒ Assan: kógar (“back”, literally “back-bone”)
    • ⇒ Assan: ej (“jawbone”)
    • ⇒ Kott: araŋan, araŋ (“bones”) (Attested in the plural.)
    • ⇒ Kott: ânar, anar (“hip, loins”) (cf. Proto-Turkic *yān (“side, flanks”))[1]
    • ⇒ Kott: arša (“knee”) (The -ša element is unclear.)
    • ⇒ Kott: hačar (“sole of foot”, literally “foot-bone”)
    • ⇒ Kott: hapar (“back”, literally “back-bone”)
    • ⇒ Kott: hupár (“end, tip”, literally “end-bone”)
    • ⇒ Kott: kenar, hênar (“arm, shoulder”, literally “brachium-bone”)
      • ⇒ Kott: kenarxatken (“elbow”, literally “brachium-bone-outfacing surface-joint”)
    • ⇒ Kott: ej, ei (“jawbone”)
    • ⇒ Kott: pagai (pagaj, “right side”, literally “?-bone”) (The pag- element is unclear. cf. Ket богат (bɔɣat))
    • ⇒ Kott: ulai (“rib”)
  • Arinic:
    • ⇒ Arin: aja (“jawbone”)
  • Pumpokolic:
    • ⇒ Pumpokol: pinét, pinèt (“chin”, literally “?-bone”)

References

  1. ^ Khabtagaeva, Bayarma (2019) Language Contact in Siberia: Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic Loanwords in Yeniseian (The languages of Asia series; 19)‎[1], Brill, →ISBN, page 79

Further reading

  • Hill, Eugen, Fries, Simon, Korobzow, Natalie, Günther, Laura, Svenja, Bonmann (2024) “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part II: Word-Final Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[2], number 6, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 240-241 of 216-293
  • Hill, Eugen, Fries, Simon, Korobzow, Natalie, Günther, Laura, Svenja, Bonmann (2024) “bone”, in “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part II: Word-Final Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[3], number 6, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 241 of 216-293
  • Hill, Eugen, Fries, Simon, Korobzow, Natalie, Günther, Laura, Svenja, Bonmann (2024) “Coda-X (Table 21)”, in “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part II: Word-Final Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[4], number 6, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 279 of 216-293
  • Fortescue, Michael, Vajda, Edward (2022) Mid-Holocene Language Connections between Asia and North America (Brill's Studies in the Indigenous Languages of the Americas; 17)‎[5], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 269, 360, 361
  • Vajda, Edward, Werner, Heinrich (2022) “*aˀd”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, pages 9-10
  • Vajda, Edward, Werner, Heinrich (2022) “*-ar”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 74
  • Vajda, Edward (2024) The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎[6], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 383
  • Vajda, Edward (2024) “*adʳ ~ -adʳ”, in The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎[7], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 412
  • Werner, Heinrich (2002) “aˀt (I, 2, n., Pl. ár'eŋ)”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 86
  • Werner, Heinrich (2005) “bone”, in Die Jenissej-Sprachen des 18. Jahrhunderts, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 285
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