aratrum

• arāter

From Proto-Italic *arātrom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂érh₃trom (“plough, ard”) (with long ā by analogy to the related verb arō, arāre; the expected outcome would otherwise be *arĕtrum).^[1]

Equivalent to arō (“to plough”) +‎ -trum. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἄροτρον (árotron, “plow”), Old Armenian արաւր (arawr, “plow”), Welsh aradr.

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [aˈraː.trũː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [aˈraː.t̪rum]

arātrum n (genitive arātrī); second declension

1. plough or plow (a device pulled through the ground in order to break it open into furrows for planting)
   • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 5.497:

     tempus erat quō versa iugō referuntur arātra

     It was the hour when [up]turned plows are being brought back by yoked [oxen]
     (“versa arātra”: i.e., plows somehow turned so that the plowshares are not in contact with the soil. See: Plough.)

Second-declension noun (neuter).

• arātrō

• “aratrum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “aratrum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "aratrum", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• aratrum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• “aratrum”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “aratrum”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin