berniaga

Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay berniaga, from Classical Malay beniaga, berniaga, from Old Malay vaṇiyāga, from Sanskrit वाणिज्यक (vāṇijyaka, “trader”).[1] Rebracketed as ber- +‎ niaga. Compare to Old Javanese waṇigjana (“trader”) and baṇyaga (“trader”).

Pronunciation

  • (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /bərniˈaɡa/ [bər.niˈa.ɡa]
  • Rhymes: -aɡa
  • Syllabification: ber‧ni‧a‧ga

Verb

bêrniaga

  1. to trade
    Synonym: berdagang

References

  1. ^ Tom Hoogervorst (31 December 2017) Andrea Acri, Roger Blench, Alexandra Landmann, editor, 9. The Role of “Prakrit” in Maritime Southeast Asia through 101 Etymologies‎[1], ISEAS Publishing, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 375–440

Further reading

Malay

Etymology 1

From Sanskrit वाणिज्यक (vāṇijyaka, “trader”), from Sanskrit वणिज् (vaṇij, “trade, commerce; merchant”).[1][2]

Noun

berniaga (plural berniaga-berniaga)

  1. archaic form of niaga
Derived terms
Descendants
  • Indonesian: berniaga
  • → Cebuano: banyaga
  • → Ilocano: baniaga
  • → Kapampangan: banyaga
  • → Maguindanao: banyaga
  • → Mansaka: banyaga
  • → Portuguese: veniaga
  • → Tagalog: banyaga

Etymology 2

ber- +‎ niaga from back-formation from berniaga

Verb

bĕrniaga

  1. to trade

References

  1. ^ Kosakata Bahasa Sanskerta dalam Bahasa Melayu Masa Kini, Jakarta, Indonesia: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 1994, →ISBN, page 340
  2. ^ Tom Hoogervorst (31 December 2017) Andrea Acri, Roger Blench, Alexandra Landmann, editor, 9. The Role of “Prakrit” in Maritime Southeast Asia through 101 Etymologies‎[2], ISEAS Publishing, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 375–440

Further reading

  • “berniaga” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
  • Pijnappel, Jan (1875) “بنياݢ bĕnijaga”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, page 62
  • Wilkinson, Richard James (1901) “بنياݢ bĕniyaga”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 123
  • Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) “bĕniaga”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume I, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 120
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