Translingual
Etymology
Abbreviation of English Banjarese with n and j interchanged.
Symbol
bjn
- (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Banjarese.
See also
- Wiktionary’s coverage of Banjarese terms
Egyptian
Pronunciation
- (adjective): (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈbaːjin/ → /ˈbaːjin/ → /ˈbaːʔən/ → /ˈβoːʔən/
Verb
3-lit.
- (intransitive, of people) to acquire or have bad qualities [since the end of the Old Kingdom]
- (intransitive) to be(come) bad or evil (+ ḥnꜥ: toward (someone))
- (intransitive) to be(come) useless or good for nothing
- (intransitive) to be(come) in a miserable or wretched state
- (intransitive, of animals and things) to be(come) harmful
- (intransitive, of periods of time) to be(come) unpropitious or calamitous
- (intransitive, of milk) to sour, to go bad
Inflection
Conjugation of bjn (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: bjn, geminated stem: bjnn
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
bjn
|
bjnw, bjn
|
bjnt
|
bjn
|
bjn
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
bjn
|
ḥr bjn
|
m bjn
|
r bjn
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
| perfect
|
bjn.n
|
consecutive
|
bjn.jn
|
| terminative
|
bjnt
|
| perfective3
|
bjn
|
obligative1
|
bjn.ḫr
|
| imperfective
|
bjn
|
| prospective3
|
bjn
|
potentialis1
|
bjn.kꜣ
|
| subjunctive
|
bjn
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
bjn.n
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
bjn
|
bjn
|
bjn, bjnw5, bjny5
|
| imperfective
|
bjn, bjny, bjnw5
|
bjn, bjnj6, bjny6
|
bjn, bjnw5
|
| prospective
|
bjn, bjntj7
|
bjntj4, bjnt4
|
1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of bjn
Adjective
- perfective active participle of bjn: bad, evil
Inflection
Declension of bjn (perfective active participle)
|
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
| singular
|
bjn
|
bjnt
|
| dual
|
bjnwj
|
bjntj
|
| plural
|
bjnw
|
bjnwt1, bjnt2
|
1 Archaic in Middle Egyptian when modifying a noun.
2 From Middle Egyptian, this feminine singular form was generally used for the plural.
In Late Egyptian, the masculine singular form was used with all nouns.
Along with nfr and ꜥꜣ, bjn is one of the few Egyptian adjectives that continued to show remnants of gender and number inflection into Late Egyptian (and beyond).[2]
Descendants
- Akhmimic Coptic: ⲃⲟⲩⲟⲩⲛⲉ (bououne)
- Bohairic Coptic: ⲃⲱⲛ (bōn)
- Fayyumic Coptic: ⲃⲱⲱⲛ (bōōn)
- Old Coptic: ⲃⲱⲛ (bōn)
- Sahidic Coptic: ⲃⲱⲱⲛ (bōōn), ⲃⲱⲱⲛⲉ (bōōne)
References
- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[1], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 442.15–443.17
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 81
- ^ Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 33
- ^ Junge, Friedrich (2005) Late Egyptian Grammar: An Introduction, second English edition, Oxford: Griffith Institute, page 66