calad
Old Irish
Etymology 1
From Proto-Celtic *kaletos. Cognate with Welsh caled.
Adjective
calad
Inflection
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | calad | calad | calad |
| vocative | calaid* calad** | ||
| accusative | calad | calaid | |
| genitive | calaid | cailte | calaid |
| dative | calad | calaid | calad |
| plural | masculine | feminine/neuter | |
| nominative | calaid | cailtea | |
| vocative | cailtiu cailtea† | ||
| accusative | cailtiu cailtea† | ||
| genitive | calad | ||
| dative | cailtib | ||
*modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative
**modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative
† not when substantivized
Descendants
Etymology 2
Possibly from Late Latin calatum, but more likely a substantive use of Etymology 1, i.e. solid land as opposed to the sea (eDIL).
Noun
calad m
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | calad | caladL | calaidL |
| vocative | calaid | caladL | caladuH |
| accusative | caladN | caladL | caladuH |
| genitive | calaidL | calad | caladN |
| dative | caladL | caladaib | caladaib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
- H = triggers aspiration
- L = triggers lenition
- N = triggers nasalization
Descendants
Mutation
| radical | lenition | nasalization |
|---|---|---|
| calad | chalad | calad pronounced with /ɡ-/ |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
Further reading
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 calad”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 calad”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Spanish
Verb
calad
- second-person plural imperative of calar