cathach

Irish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈkɑhəx/[1], /ˈkahəx/
  • IPA(key): /kɑːx/[2]

Etymology 1

From Old Irish cathach (“relic, reliquary”).[3]

Noun

cathach m or f (genitive singular cathaigh or cathaí)

  1. battle reliquary
Declension
Declension of cathach (first declension, no plural)
bare forms
singular
nominative cathach
vocative a chathaigh
genitive cathaigh
dative cathach
forms with the definite article
singular
nominative an cathach
genitive an chathaigh
dative leis an gcathach
don chathach
Alternative declension
Declension of cathach (second declension, no plural)
bare forms
singular
nominative cathach
vocative a chathach
genitive cathaí
dative cathach
cathaigh (archaic, dialectal)
forms with the definite article
singular
nominative an chathach
genitive na cathaí
dative leis an gcathach
leis an gcathaigh (archaic, dialectal)
don chathach
don chathaigh (archaic, dialectal)

Etymology 2

From Old Irish cathach (“bellicose”).[4] By surface analysis, cath (“battle”) +‎ -ach (adjectival suffix).

Adjective

cathach (genitive singular masculine cathaigh, genitive singular feminine cathaí, plural cathacha, comparative cathaí)

  1. battling, warlike
Declension
Declension of cathach
Positive singular plural
masculine feminine strong noun weak noun
nominative cathach chathach cathacha;
chathacha2
vocative chathaigh cathacha
genitive cathaí cathacha cathach
dative cathach;
chathach1 		chathach;
chathaigh (archaic) 		cathacha;
chathacha2
Comparative níos cathaí
Superlative is cathaí

1 When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
2 When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Alternative forms
  • cathaitheach

Etymology 3

Adjective

cathach (genitive singular masculine cathaigh, genitive singular feminine cathaí, plural cathacha, comparative cathaí)

  1. alternative form of cathaitheach (“tempting; regretful, sorrowful”)
Declension
Declension of cathach
Positive singular plural
masculine feminine strong noun weak noun
nominative cathach chathach cathacha;
chathacha2
vocative chathaigh cathacha
genitive cathaí cathacha cathach
dative cathach;
chathach1 		chathach;
chathaigh (archaic) 		cathacha;
chathacha2
Comparative níos cathaí
Superlative is cathaí

1 When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
2 When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Mutation

Mutated forms of cathach
radical lenition eclipsis
cathach chathach gcathach

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), Zweiter Band: Wörterbuch [Second volume: Dictionary], Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 146
  2. ^ Ó Searcaigh, Séamus (1925) Foghraidheacht Ghaedhilge an Tuaiscirt [Pronunciation of Northern Irish]‎[1] (in Irish), Béal Feirste [Belfast]: Brún agus Ó Nualláin [Browne and Nolan], section 5, page 6
  3. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 cathach”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  4. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 cathach”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Further reading

Old Irish

Etymology

From cath (“battle”) +‎ -ach.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈkaθax/

Adjective

cathach

  1. bellicose, warlike
  2. vehement, forceful

Inflection

o/ā-stem
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative cathach cathach cathach
vocative cathaig*
cathach**
accusative cathach cathaig
genitive cathaig cathaige cathaig
dative cathuch cathaig cathuch
plural masculine feminine/neuter
nominative cathaig cathacha
vocative cathachu
cathacha†
accusative cathachu
cathacha†
genitive cathach
dative cathachaib

*modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative
**modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative
† not when substantivized

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Irish: cathach

Noun

cathach f (genitive cathaige, nominative plural cathacha)

  1. relic, reliquary (from the use of relics in battle to ensure victory)

Inflection

Feminine ā-stem
singular dual plural
nominative cathachL cathaigL cathachaH
vocative cathachL cathaigL cathachaH
accusative cathaigN cathaigL cathachaH
genitive cathaigeH cathachL cathachN
dative cathaigL cathachaib cathachaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

Mutation

Mutation of cathach
radical lenition nasalization
cathach chathach cathach
pronounced with /ɡ-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

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