cinn

See also: cinn-

Irish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Old Irish cingid, cinnid (“steps, paces, proceeds, goes; overcomes, surpasses, excels, exceeds”).

Verb

cinn (present analytic cinneann, future analytic cinnfidh, verbal noun cinneadh, past participle cinnte) (ambitransitive)

  1. (literary) step
  2. (with ar)
    1. surpass, overcome
    2. be too much for
      Chinn orainn aon dul chun cinn a dhéanadh.
      We failed to make any progress.
Conjugation
conjugation of cinn (first conjugation – A)
verbal noun cinneadh
past participle cinnte
tense singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative
present cinnim cinneann tú;
cinnir† 		cinneann sé, sí cinnimid cinneann sibh cinneann siad;
cinnid† 		a chinneann; a chinneas /
a gcinneann* 		cinntear
past chinn mé; chinneas chinn tú; chinnis chinn sé, sí chinneamar; chinn muid chinn sibh; chinneabhair chinn siad; chinneadar a chinn /
ar chinn* 		cinneadh
past habitual chinninn / gcinninn‡‡ chinnteá / gcinnteᇇ chinneadh sé, sí / gcinneadh sé, s퇇 chinnimis; chinneadh muid / gcinnimis‡‡; gcinneadh muid‡‡ chinneadh sibh / gcinneadh sibh‡‡ chinnidís; chinneadh siad / gcinnidís‡‡; gcinneadh siad‡‡ a chinneadh /
a gcinneadh* 		chinntí / gcinnt퇇
future cinnfidh mé;
cinnfead 		cinnfidh tú;
cinnfir† 		cinnfidh sé, sí cinnfimid;
cinnfidh muid 		cinnfidh sibh cinnfidh siad;
cinnfid† 		a chinnfidh; a chinnfeas /
a gcinnfidh* 		cinnfear
conditional chinnfinn / gcinnfinn‡‡ chinnfeá / gcinnfeᇇ chinnfeadh sé, sí / gcinnfeadh sé, s퇇 chinnfimis; chinnfeadh muid / gcinnfimis‡‡; gcinnfeadh muid‡‡ chinnfeadh sibh / gcinnfeadh sibh‡‡ chinnfidís; chinnfeadh siad / gcinnfidís‡‡; gcinnfeadh siad‡‡ a chinnfeadh /
a gcinnfeadh* 		chinnfí / gcinnf퇇
subjunctive
present go gcinne mé;
go gcinnead† 		go gcinne tú;
go gcinnir† 		go gcinne sé, sí go gcinnimid;
go gcinne muid 		go gcinne sibh go gcinne siad;
go gcinnid† 		— go gcinntear
past dá gcinninn dá gcinnteá dá gcinneadh sé, sí dá gcinnimis;
dá gcinneadh muid 		dá gcinneadh sibh dá gcinnidís;
dá gcinneadh siad 		— dá gcinntí
imperative
– cinnim cinn cinneadh sé, sí cinnimis cinnigí;
cinnidh† 		cinnidís — cinntear

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Etymology 2

From Old Irish cinnid (“defines, fixes, settles; completes, finishes; decides (on a course of action), makes a decision”), from cenn (“head”).

Verb

cinn (present analytic cinneann, future analytic cinnfidh, verbal noun cinneadh, past participle cinnte)

  1. (ambitransitive) fix, determine, decree, decide
Conjugation
conjugation of cinn (first conjugation – A)
verbal noun cinneadh
past participle cinnte
tense singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative
present cinnim cinneann tú;
cinnir† 		cinneann sé, sí cinnimid cinneann sibh cinneann siad;
cinnid† 		a chinneann; a chinneas /
a gcinneann* 		cinntear
past chinn mé; chinneas chinn tú; chinnis chinn sé, sí chinneamar; chinn muid chinn sibh; chinneabhair chinn siad; chinneadar a chinn /
ar chinn* 		cinneadh
past habitual chinninn / gcinninn‡‡ chinnteá / gcinnteᇇ chinneadh sé, sí / gcinneadh sé, s퇇 chinnimis; chinneadh muid / gcinnimis‡‡; gcinneadh muid‡‡ chinneadh sibh / gcinneadh sibh‡‡ chinnidís; chinneadh siad / gcinnidís‡‡; gcinneadh siad‡‡ a chinneadh /
a gcinneadh* 		chinntí / gcinnt퇇
future cinnfidh mé;
cinnfead 		cinnfidh tú;
cinnfir† 		cinnfidh sé, sí cinnfimid;
cinnfidh muid 		cinnfidh sibh cinnfidh siad;
cinnfid† 		a chinnfidh; a chinnfeas /
a gcinnfidh* 		cinnfear
conditional chinnfinn / gcinnfinn‡‡ chinnfeá / gcinnfeᇇ chinnfeadh sé, sí / gcinnfeadh sé, s퇇 chinnfimis; chinnfeadh muid / gcinnfimis‡‡; gcinnfeadh muid‡‡ chinnfeadh sibh / gcinnfeadh sibh‡‡ chinnfidís; chinnfeadh siad / gcinnfidís‡‡; gcinnfeadh siad‡‡ a chinnfeadh /
a gcinnfeadh* 		chinnfí / gcinnf퇇
subjunctive
present go gcinne mé;
go gcinnead† 		go gcinne tú;
go gcinnir† 		go gcinne sé, sí go gcinnimid;
go gcinne muid 		go gcinne sibh go gcinne siad;
go gcinnid† 		— go gcinntear
past dá gcinninn dá gcinnteá dá gcinneadh sé, sí dá gcinnimis;
dá gcinneadh muid 		dá gcinneadh sibh dá gcinnidís;
dá gcinneadh siad 		— dá gcinntí
imperative
– cinnim cinn cinneadh sé, sí cinnimis cinnigí;
cinnidh† 		cinnidís — cinntear

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Alternative forms

Noun

cinn m

  1. inflection of ceann (“head”):
    1. vocative/genitive singular
    2. nominative/dative plural

Mutation

Mutated forms of cinn
radical lenition eclipsis
cinn chinn gcinn

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

Middle Irish

Noun

cinn

  1. inflection of cenn:
    1. genitive singular
    2. nominative plural

Mutation

Mutation of cinn
radical lenition nasalization
cinn chinn cinn
pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Middle Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Old English

Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *kinnu (“chin”).

Compare Old Frisian zin, Old Saxon, Old Dutch, and Old High German kinni, Old Norse kinn, Gothic 𐌺𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌿𐍃 (kinnus) and Latin gena, Ancient Greek γένυς (génus), Welsh gen, Tocharian A śanweṃ, Old Armenian ծնաւտ (cnawt), Lithuanian žandas, Persian چانه (čâne), Sanskrit हनु (hánu).

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /t͡ʃinn/, [t͡ʃin]

Noun

ċinn n

  1. chin
Declension

Strong a-stem:

singular plural
nominative ċinn ċinn
accusative ċinn ċinn
genitive ċinnes ċinna
dative ċinne ċinnum
Descendants
  • Middle English: chyn, chin, chinne, chynne, shyne, schyn
    • English: chin
    • Scots: chin, chyn

Etymology 2

See cynn.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kinn/, [kin]

Noun

cinn n

  1. alternative form of cynn

Old Irish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kʲin͈ʲ/

Noun

cinn

  1. genitive singular of cenn (“head”)

Mutation

Mutation of cinn
radical lenition nasalization
cinn chinn cinn
pronounced with /ɡʲ-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Scottish Gaelic

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kʲʰiːɲ/
  • (Lewis) IPA(key): [kʲʰẽ̠ĩɲ][1]

Etymology 1

From the root of cineal (“progeny, offspring”).

Verb

cinn (past chinn, future cinnidh, verbal noun cinntinn, past participle cinnte)

  1. grow
  2. increase, multiply
  3. prosper

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

cinn m

  1. inflection of ceann:
    1. genitive singular
    2. nominative plural

Mutation

Mutation of cinn
radical lenition
cinn chinn

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Oftedal, M. (1956) A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. III: The Gaelic of Leurbost, Isle of Lewis, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap

Further reading

  • Edward Dwelly (1911) “cinn”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎[1], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
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