cloch

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish cloch,[1] from Proto-Celtic *klukā (compare Welsh clog).

Pronunciation

Noun

cloch f (genitive singular cloiche, nominative plural clocha)

  1. stone (substance; small piece of stone; central part of some fruits, consisting of the seed and a hard endocarp layer)
  2. (Christianity) bead (in a rosary)
  3. (anatomy) testicle
    Synonyms: caid, magairle, úirí
  4. stone (unit of weight equal to 14 lb/6.35 kg)
    Synonym: cloch mheáchain

Declension

Declension of cloch (second declension)
bare forms
singular plural
nominative cloch clocha
vocative a chloch a chlocha
genitive cloiche cloch
dative cloch
cloich (archaic, dialectal) 		clocha
forms with the definite article
singular plural
nominative an chloch na clocha
genitive na cloiche na gcloch
dative leis an gcloch
leis an gcloich (archaic, dialectal)
don chloch
don chloich (archaic, dialectal) 		leis na clocha

Derived terms

  • binse cloiche m (“rock shelf”)
  • bunchloch f (“foundation stone”)
  • cloch adhmainte f (“lodestone”)
  • cloch altóra f (“altar-stone”)
  • cloch ancaire f (“anchor stone”)
  • cloch aoil f (“limestone”)
  • cloch bhoinn f (“foundation stone”)
  • cloch bhró f (“millstone”)
  • cloch bhua f (“precious stone”)
  • cloch chairéil f (“quarry-stone”)
  • cloch cheangail f (“bond-stone”)
  • cloch chinn f (“headstone”)
  • cloch choirnéil f (“corner-stone”)
  • cloch chora f (“stepping-stone”)
  • cloch chormaic f (“(type of) granite”)
  • cloch chúinne f (“corner-stone”)
  • cloch chumaisc f (“pudding-stone”)
  • cloch dhín f (“cope-stone”)
  • cloch dhomlais f (“gall-stone”)
  • cloch dhuáin f (“kidney-stone”)
  • cloch dhuirlinge f (“cobble-stone”)
  • cloch dhúshraithe f (“foundation stone”)
  • cloch eibhir f (“granite”)
  • cloch fhaobhair f (“whetstone, hone”)
  • cloch fhorbháis f (“perched stone”)
  • cloch ghabhála f (“fulcrum (stone)”)
  • cloch ghainimh f (“sandstone”)
  • cloch ghallúnaí f (“soap-stone”)
  • cloch ghlas f (“greenstone; whinstone”)
  • cloch ghorm f (“blue-stone”)
  • cloch ghreama f (“bond-stone”)
  • cloch ghréine f (“quartz”)
  • cloch ghualainne f (“heavy casting-stone”)
  • cloch líofa f (“whetstone, hone”)
  • cloch lómhar f (“precious stone”)
  • cloch luachmhar f (“precious stone”)
  • cloch mhíle f (“milestone”)
  • cloch mhuilinn f (“millstone”)
  • cloch mhullaigh f (“cope-stone”)
  • cloch nirt f (“heavy casting-stone”)
  • cloch phaidrín f (“bead of rosary”)
  • cloch phluma f (“plum-stone”)
  • cloch phréacháin f (“cope-stone”)
  • cloch reatha f (“rolling stone”)
  • cloch róid f (“anchor stone”)
  • cloch scáil f (“quartz”)
  • cloch sceimhil f (“drip-stone”)
  • cloch shalainn f (“rock salt”)
  • cloch shileáin f (“drip-stone”)
  • cloch shilín f (“cherry-stone”)
  • cloch shneachta f (“hailstone”)
  • cloch shópa f (“soap-stone”)
  • cloch speile f (“scythe-stone”)
  • cloch spideoige f (“cope-stone”)
  • cloch tharraingthe f (“light casting-stone”)
  • cloch theampaill f (“taciturn person”)
  • cloch théide f (“anchor stone”)
  • cloch theorann f (“boundary stone”)
  • cloch thine f (“flint”)
  • cloch uasal f (“precious stone”)
  • clocha briste f pl (“road-metal”)
  • clocha cóirithe f pl (“ashlars”)
  • clocha fuail f pl (“gravel”)
  • clocha saoirseachta f pl (“building-stones”)
  • clochach
  • clochán
  • Na Clocha Liatha (“Greystones”)
  • obair chloiche f (“stone-work”)
  • órchloch f (“philosopher’s stone”)

Verb

cloch (present analytic clochann, future analytic clochfaidh, verbal noun clochadh, past participle clochta)

  1. (transitive) stone

Conjugation

conjugation of cloch (first conjugation – A)
verbal noun clochadh
past participle clochta
tense singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative
present clochaim clochann tú;
clochair† 		clochann sé, sí clochaimid clochann sibh clochann siad;
clochaid† 		a chlochann; a chlochas /
a gclochann* 		clochtar
past chloch mé; chlochas chloch tú; chlochais chloch sé, sí chlochamar; chloch muid chloch sibh; chlochabhair chloch siad; chlochadar a chloch /
ar chloch* 		clochadh
past habitual chlochainn / gclochainn‡‡ chlochtá / gclochtᇇ chlochadh sé, sí / gclochadh sé, s퇇 chlochaimis; chlochadh muid / gclochaimis‡‡; gclochadh muid‡‡ chlochadh sibh / gclochadh sibh‡‡ chlochaidís; chlochadh siad / gclochaidís‡‡; gclochadh siad‡‡ a chlochadh /
a gclochadh* 		chlochtaí / gclochta퇇
future clochfaidh mé;
clochfad 		clochfaidh tú;
clochfair† 		clochfaidh sé, sí clochfaimid;
clochfaidh muid 		clochfaidh sibh clochfaidh siad;
clochfaid† 		a chlochfaidh; a chlochfas /
a gclochfaidh* 		clochfar
conditional chlochfainn / gclochfainn‡‡ chlochfá / gclochfᇇ chlochfadh sé, sí / gclochfadh sé, s퇇 chlochfaimis; chlochfadh muid / gclochfaimis‡‡; gclochfadh muid‡‡ chlochfadh sibh / gclochfadh sibh‡‡ chlochfaidís; chlochfadh siad / gclochfaidís‡‡; gclochfadh siad‡‡ a chlochfadh /
a gclochfadh* 		chlochfaí / gclochfa퇇
subjunctive
present go gclocha mé;
go gclochad† 		go gclocha tú;
go gclochair† 		go gclocha sé, sí go gclochaimid;
go gclocha muid 		go gclocha sibh go gclocha siad;
go gclochaid† 		— go gclochtar
past dá gclochainn dá gclochtá dá gclochadh sé, sí dá gclochaimis;
dá gclochadh muid 		dá gclochadh sibh dá gclochaidís;
dá gclochadh siad 		— dá gclochtaí
imperative
– clochaim cloch clochadh sé, sí clochaimis clochaigí;
clochaidh† 		clochaidís — clochtar

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Descendants

  • → Yola: clouk, klouk

Mutation

Mutated forms of cloch
radical lenition eclipsis
cloch chloch gcloch

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cloch”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  2. ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 159, page 81
  3. ^ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), Zweiter Band: Wörterbuch [Second volume: Dictionary], Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 154
  4. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 149, page 58

Further reading

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *klukā (“stone”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /klox/

Noun

cloch f

  1. stone, rock
  2. stone (as material)
  3. precious stone, gem
  4. (Christianity) bead (in a rosary)
  5. something built of stone, castle, fortress, stronghold

Inflection

Feminine ā-stem
singular dual plural
nominative clochL cloichL clochaH
vocative clochL cloichL clochaH
accusative cloichN cloichL clochaH
genitive cloicheH clochL clochN
dative cloichL clochaib clochaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Derived terms

  • clochach (“stony, rocky”, adjective)
  • clochaid (“stones; covers with stones”, verb)
  • clochamail (“stony, unyielding”, adjective)
  • clochán m (“paved road or causeway”)
  • clochar m (“stony place”)
  • clochda (“made of stone, stony”, adjective)

Descendants

Mutation

Mutation of cloch
radical lenition nasalization
cloch chloch cloch
pronounced with /ɡ-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

Spanish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈklot͡ʃ/ [ˈklot͡ʃ]
  • Rhymes: -otʃ
  • Syllabification: cloch

Noun

cloch m (plural cloches)

  1. alternative form of cloche

Welsh

Etymology

From Middle Welsh cloch, from Proto-Brythonic *klox, from Proto-Celtic *klokkos (“bell”) (compare Cornish clogh, Breton kloc'h, Old Irish cloc, Irish clog), of onomatopoeic origin. Doublet of cloc (“clock”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kloːχ/
  • Rhymes: -oːχ

Noun

cloch f (plural clych or clychau or clochau, diminutive clochen)

  1. bell
    1. (figuratively) someone who praises or proclaims
    2. (figuratively) bell-shaped object, especially bubble
    3. (figuratively) bell-like sound or noise, vociferation
  2. prize, feat
  3. o'clock, of the clock
    Synonym: o'r gloch

Derived terms

  • cloch aberth (“sacring bell”)
  • cloch adarwr (“low-bell, bell used in fowling at night”)
  • cloch Afi (“Avel-bell”)
  • cloch angladd (“passing bell, death bell”)
  • cloch alarwm (“alarm bell, warning bell”)
  • cloch alw (“alarm-bell, call-bell; Sanctus bell”)
  • cloch (ar) ddwfr (“bubble”)
  • cloch babis (“harebell”)
  • cloch bach (“sanctus bell”, literally “little bell”)
  • cloch Bangor (“harebell”)
  • cloch bugail (“harebell”)
  • cloch dân (“fire-alarm”)
  • cloch drydan (“electric bell”)
  • cloch dyn marw (“passing bell, death bell”)
  • cloch enaid (“passing bell, death bell”)
  • cloch Enid (“lily of the valley, May-lily”)
  • cloch fach (“sanctus bell”, literally “little bell”)
  • cloch fach yn y glust (“a ringing or tingling in the ear”, literally “a little bell in the ear”)
  • cloch ginio (“dinner-bell”)
  • cloch glaw (“raindrop”)
  • cloch gnùl (“passing bell, death bell”)
  • cloch hwyrol (“curfew bell”)
  • cloch iâ (“icicle”)
  • cloch las (“bluebell”)
  • cloch las (“harebell”)
  • cloch law (“hand-bell”)
  • cloch Llundain (“Canterbury bells, bellflowers, throatwort”)
  • cloch maban (“snowdrop”)
  • cloch offeren (“sacring bell”)
  • cloch osber (“vesper bell”)
  • cloch rybudd (“alarm bell, warning bell”)
  • cloch soddi (“diving-bell”)
  • cloch suddo (“diving-bell”)
  • cloch tawch (“fog-bell”)
  • cloch wasanaeth (“church bell”)
  • cloch (y) baban (“snowdrop”)
  • cloch (y) drws (“door-bell”)
  • cloch y ffair (“bell rung to announce the commencement of a fair or market”)
  • cloch y gog (“bluebell”)
  • cloch y llan (“church bell”)
  • cloch y march (“yellow rattle”)
  • cloch y perthi (“Canterbury bells, hedge-bells, hedge-bindweed”)
  • cloch y tylwyth teg (“harebell”)
  • cloch y tylwyth teg (“bluebell”)
  • cloch yr eglwys (“church bell”)
  • cloch (yr) eos (“harebell”)
  • cloch yr ymadrodd (“uvula, epiglottis”)
  • clochdy (“bell tower”)
  • clochi (“to clamour, to bubble”)
  • clych y cerrig (“cup-lichen, cup-moss”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of cloch
radical soft nasal aspirate
cloch gloch nghloch chloch

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

  • D. G. Lewis, N. Lewis, editors (2005–present), “cloch”, in Gweiadur: the Welsh–English Dictionary, Gwerin
  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “cloch”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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