cros

See also: crôs, cróṡ, cròs, and cros-

English

Noun

cros

  1. plural of cro

Irish

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old Irish cros, from Latin crux (“cross”). Doublet of croch.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kɾˠɔsˠ/

Noun

cros f (genitive singular croise, nominative plural crosa)

  1. cross
  2. crosspiece
  3. trial, affliction
  4. prohibition

Declension

Declension of cros (second declension)
bare forms
singular plural
nominative cros crosa
vocative a chros a chrosa
genitive croise cros
dative cros
crois (archaic, dialectal) 		crosa
forms with the definite article
singular plural
nominative an chros na crosa
genitive na croise na gcros
dative leis an gcros
leis an gcrois (archaic, dialectal)
don chros
don chrois (archaic, dialectal) 		leis na crosa

Derived terms

Verb

cros (present analytic crosann, future analytic crosfaidh, verbal noun crosadh, past participle crosta)

  1. cross
  2. traverse
  3. prohibit, forbid
  4. contradict

Conjugation

conjugation of cros (first conjugation – A)
verbal noun crosadh
past participle crosta
tense singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative
present crosaim crosann tú;
crosair† 		crosann sé, sí crosaimid crosann sibh crosann siad;
crosaid† 		a chrosann; a chrosas /
a gcrosann* 		crostar
past chros mé; chrosas chros tú; chrosais chros sé, sí chrosamar; chros muid chros sibh; chrosabhair chros siad; chrosadar a chros /
ar chros* 		crosadh
past habitual chrosainn / gcrosainn‡‡ chrostá / gcrostᇇ chrosadh sé, sí / gcrosadh sé, s퇇 chrosaimis; chrosadh muid / gcrosaimis‡‡; gcrosadh muid‡‡ chrosadh sibh / gcrosadh sibh‡‡ chrosaidís; chrosadh siad / gcrosaidís‡‡; gcrosadh siad‡‡ a chrosadh /
a gcrosadh* 		chrostaí / gcrosta퇇
future crosfaidh mé;
crosfad 		crosfaidh tú;
crosfair† 		crosfaidh sé, sí crosfaimid;
crosfaidh muid 		crosfaidh sibh crosfaidh siad;
crosfaid† 		a chrosfaidh; a chrosfas /
a gcrosfaidh* 		crosfar
conditional chrosfainn / gcrosfainn‡‡ chrosfá / gcrosfᇇ chrosfadh sé, sí / gcrosfadh sé, s퇇 chrosfaimis; chrosfadh muid / gcrosfaimis‡‡; gcrosfadh muid‡‡ chrosfadh sibh / gcrosfadh sibh‡‡ chrosfaidís; chrosfadh siad / gcrosfaidís‡‡; gcrosfadh siad‡‡ a chrosfadh /
a gcrosfadh* 		chrosfaí / gcrosfa퇇
subjunctive
present go gcrosa mé;
go gcrosad† 		go gcrosa tú;
go gcrosair† 		go gcrosa sé, sí go gcrosaimid;
go gcrosa muid 		go gcrosa sibh go gcrosa siad;
go gcrosaid† 		— go gcrostar
past dá gcrosainn dá gcrostá dá gcrosadh sé, sí dá gcrosaimis;
dá gcrosadh muid 		dá gcrosadh sibh dá gcrosaidís;
dá gcrosadh siad 		— dá gcrostaí
imperative
– crosaim cros crosadh sé, sí crosaimis crosaigí;
crosaidh† 		crosaidís — crostar

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Mutation

Mutated forms of cros
radical lenition eclipsis
cros chros gcros

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

Lombard

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kruːs/ (Milanese)

Noun

cros f

  1. cross

Middle English

Noun

cros

  1. alternative form of cross

Old English

Noun

cros ?

  1. cross

Descendants

  • Middle English: cross, cros, croz, crosse, crosce
    • English: cross
      • → Japanese: クロス (kurosu)
    • Scots: cross, cros

References

Old Irish

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Latin crux. Doublet of croch.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [kros]

Noun

cros f (genitive croisse or cruisse, nominative plural crossa)

  1. (geometry) cross (geometrical figure)

Declension

Feminine ā-stem
singular dual plural
nominative crosL, cross croisL, croiss crosaH, crossa
vocative crosL, cross croisL, croiss crosaH, crossa
accusative croisN, croiss croisL, croiss crosaH, crossa
genitive croiseH, croisse, cruisse crosL, cross crosN, cross
dative croisL, croiss crosaib, crossaib crosaib, crossaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Quotations

  • c. 800, anonymous author, “The St. Gall incantations”, in Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, editors, Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus, volume II (overall work in English), Cambridge University Press, published 1903, page 249:
    do·bir cros dit ṡailiu for óchtar do chinn
    you put a cross of your spittle on the top of your head
  • c. 800, anonymous author, “The rubrics in the Stowe missal”, in Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, editors, Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus, volume II (overall work in English), Cambridge University Press, published 1903, page 254:
    is hi tór{r}und cruisse suidigthir huile forsin méis
    in the form of a cross is all set on the paten

Descendants

Mutation

Mutation of cros
radical lenition nasalization
cros chros cros
pronounced with /ɡ-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

Piedmontese

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /krus/

Noun

cros f

  1. cross

Derived terms

  • crosié
  • crosiera

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French cross.

Noun

cros n (plural crosuri)

  1. cross-country

Declension

Declension of cros
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative-accusative cros crosul crosuri crosurile
genitive-dative cros crosului crosuri crosurilor
vocative crosule crosurilor
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