cruciatus

Perfect passive participle of cruciō.

cruciātus (feminine cruciāta, neuter cruciātum); first/second-declension participle

1. crucified
2. tortured
3. marked by a cross [from 12th century]

First/second-declension adjective.

cruciātus m (genitive cruciātūs); fourth declension

1. torture (or the instruments of torture)

   Synonyms: exemplum, supplicium

   • 166 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Andria 785–786:

     DĀVUS: Hem, scelera! Hanc iam oportet in cruciātum hinc abripī!

     DAVUS: Aha, such wickedness! This one ought to be dragged away from here to the torture!

2. torment, suffering

   Synonyms: poena, malum

3. ruin, calamity, misfortune

   Synonyms: plāga, īnfortūnium, calamitās, cāsus, miseria, vulnus, malum, pestis, nūbēs

4. a crusader [from 13th century]

The adjective cruciātus had been used in the sense of "marked with a cross" from the 12th century; as a noun, cruciātus (often spelled with x in Middle Latin, cruxatus, croxatus, etc., also crucesignatus) was used of crusaders by the mid 13th century, from their practice of attaching a cloth cross symbol to their clothing.

Fourth-declension noun.

• English: cruciate
• Italian: crociato

• “cruciatus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “cruciatus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• cruciatus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• cruciatus in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[1], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
• Mittellateinisches Wörterbuch vol. 2 (1999), s.v. "cruciatus"
• Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange, Glossarium mediae et infimae latinitatis, éd. augm., Niort : L. Favre, 1883‑1887, t. 2, col. 629a, s.v. "Cruciatæ"