cumal

Fula

Alternative forms

  • cumural
  • (Pulaar) cumu

Noun

cumal

  1. (Pular) fire

References

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *kamulā,[1] perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ḱemh₂- (“to exert oneself, get tired”), and cognate with Middle Irish cuma (“trouble”), Ancient Greek κάμνω (kámnō, “to toil, get tired”).[2]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈkuβ̃al]

Noun

cumal f (genitive cumaile, nominative plural cumala)

  1. female servant or slave
  2. a unit of measurement generally worth three milking cows

Inflection

Feminine ā-stem
singular dual plural
nominative cumalL cumailL cumalaH
vocative cumalL cumailL cumalaH
accusative cumailN cumailL cumalaH
genitive cumaileH cumalL cumalN
dative cumailL cumalaib cumalaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

  • Irish: cumhal

Mutation

Mutation of cumal
radical lenition nasalization
cumal chumal cumal
pronounced with /ɡ-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “camulos”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 101
  2. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κάμνω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 632

Further reading

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