dưới

• (North Central Vietnam) đưới (no lenition, in lects where *-l > -j occurred)
• (North Central Vietnam) đướn (no lenition, in lects where *-l > -n occurred)

From Proto-Vietic *-taːlʔ, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kt₁aal (“under-surface, under”). Cognate with Old Mon kintāl (modern Mon ဂတာ (həta, “underpart, bottom”)).

The Northern Old Vietnamese form is attested in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經) as 𢃄, phonetic 帶 (MC tajH) (modern SV: đái), showing that the shift *-l > -j in these dialects had already happened.

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [zɨəj˧˦]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [jɨj˨˩˦]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [jɨj˦˥]

• Audio (Hà Nội):

  (file)

dưới • (󰡎, 𢃄, 𨑜, 𤲂, 𠁑)

1. Lower in space: under, below, down

   Antonyms: trên, côi

   dưới đồng bằng ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

2. Lower in position or rank: behind

   Antonyms: trên, côi

   đứng dưới cùng ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

3. Lower in quality or level: under, below

   Antonyms: trên, côi

   dưới trung bình ― to be below average