dhunë

See also: dhune

Albanian

Alternative forms

  • dhurë, dhuni

Etymology

First attested in 1555 by Buzuku as dhunë. From Proto-Albanian *eðunā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed-ún-eh₂ (“pain”), from the root *h₁ed- (“to eat”). Cognate to Ancient Greek ὀδύνη (odúnē, “pain”), Old Armenian երկն (erkn, “birth pangs”), and Old Irish idu (“pains, birth pangs”).[1] The variant dhurë is the normal Tosk reflex.[2] Orel reconstructs Proto-Albanian *edunti or *adunti, but from the same IE root.[3]

Noun

dhunë f (plural dhuna, definite dhuna, definite plural dhunat)

  1. (physical, mental, spiritual) violence, force, coercion, oppression
  2. (physical or verbal) humiliation, shaming, dishonor (of a single person or group of people); violation (law)
  3. (colloquial) damage, injury
  4. blemish

Declension

Declension of dhunë
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative dhunë dhuna dhuna dhunat
accusative dhunën
dative dhune dhunës dhunave dhunave
ablative dhunash

Synonyms

Antonyms

Derived terms

  • dhuna f, dhunat f
    • dhunas
    • dhunëtar m, dhunëtari m
    • dhunim m, dhunimi m
    • dhunohem (mediopassive)
    • dhunoj (active voice)
    • dhunshëm
    • dhunuar (participle)
    • dhunues m, dhunuese f
  • përdhunë f, përdhuna f

References

  1. ^ Adam Hyllested & Brian D. Joseph, ‘Albanian’, chap. 13 of The Indo-European Language Family: A Phylogenetic Perspective, ed. Thomas Olander (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022), 238.
  2. ^ Demiraj, Bardhyl (1997) Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎[1] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 163
  3. ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (2000) A concise historical grammar of the Albanian language: reconstruction of Proto-Albanian‎[2], Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 155

Further reading

  • “dhunë”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006
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