doucai

Old Irish

Etymology

From to- +‎ Proto-Celtic *unketi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁unékti, *h₁unkénti (“to get used to, learn”, nasal infix present) from the root *h₁ewk-. Cognate with Sanskrit उच्यति (ucyati, “to be accustomed”), Gothic 𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌷𐍄𐍃 (biuhts, “accustomed”), Old Church Slavonic оучити (učiti, “to teach”) and вꙑкнѫти (vyknǫti, “to acclimate; to learn”), and Lithuanian jùnkti (“get used to”).^[1]

Often held to be a specialized sense of do·uic (“has brought”), the perfect of do·beir, and so listed in the Dictionary of the Irish Language; however the accuracy of this is questioned by some scholars.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [doˈhuɡɨ]

Verb

do·ucai (prototonic ·tuccai)

to understand
Synonym: as·gnin
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 91^c1
  No scrútain-se, in tan no mbíinn isnaib fochaidib, dús in retarscar cairde ṅDǽ ⁊ a remcaissiu, ⁊ ní tucus-sa insin, in ru·etarscar fa naic.
  I used to consider, when I was in the tribulations, [to see] whether the covenant of God and his providence had departed, and I didn't understand [that,] whether it had departed or not.

Conjugation

Complex, class A II present, s preterite, f future, a subjunctive
		active						passive
		singular			plural			singular	plural
		1^st	2^nd	3^rd	1^st	2^nd	3^rd	singular	plural
present indicative	deut.			do·ucci, do·hucci, du·ucai			do·ucet	do·ucthar, do·hucthar, du·ucthar, tu·ucthar
present indicative	prot.	·tucu		·tucci, ·tuicci, ·tucai, ·tuccai			·tucat, ·tuccat	·tucthar	·tuctar, ·tucatar

imperfect indicative	deut.
imperfect indicative	prot.						·tuctais

preterite	deut.
preterite	prot.	·tucus				·tucsid	·tucsat, ·tuicset

perfect	deut.
perfect	prot.

future	deut.
future	prot.			·tucfa		do·ucbaid		·tuccfither

conditional	deut.
conditional	prot.

present subjunctive	deut.				do·uccam			do·ucthar, do·hucthar, du·ucthar, tu·ucthar
present subjunctive	prot.	·tuc	·tucce, ·tuicce, ·tucca			·tucid, ·tuccid, ·ducaid

past subjunctive	deut.							·ducthe
past subjunctive	prot.	·tuccin			·tucmis

imperative

verbal noun
past participle
verbal of necessity

Descendants

Middle Irish: tuicid
- Irish: tuig
- Manx: toig
- Scottish Gaelic: tuig

Mutation

Mutation of *do·ucai*
radical	lenition	nasalization
do·ucai (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments)	do·ucai	do·n-ucai

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*u-n-k-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 400