estyn

Welsh

Etymology

From Middle Welsh estynn, from Proto-Brythonic *estɨnn (compare Cornish ystyn and Middle Breton astenn), from Latin extendō (“to extend, to stretch, to enlarge”).

Pronunciation

  • (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˈɛsdɨ̞n/, [ˈɛstɨ̞n]
  • (South Wales) IPA(key): /ˈɛsdɪn/, [ˈɛstɪn]
  • Rhymes: -ɛsdɨ̞n

Verb

estyn (first-person singular present estynnaf)

  1. (ambitransitive) to extend, to stretch, to lengthen (also figurative)
    Maen nhw'n meddwl estyn y tŷ.
    They’re thinking of extending the house.
    Estynnir gwahoddiad i bawb.
    An invitation is extended to all.
  2. (transitive) to pass (to transfer from one person or place to another)
    Synonym: pasio
    Wnei di estyn yr halen?
    Can you pass the salt?
  3. (geography) (of an ice sheet) to advance
  4. (geometry) to produce
  5. (music) to augment

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future estynnaf estynni estyn, estynna estynnwn estynnwch estynnant estynnir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/
conditional 		estynnwn estynnit estynnai estynnem estynnech estynnent estynnid
preterite estynnais estynnaist estynnodd estynasom estynasoch estynasant estynnwyd
pluperfect estynaswn estynasit estynasai estynasem estynasech estynasent estynasid, estynesid
present subjunctive estynnwyf estynnych estynno estynnom estynnoch estynnont estynner
imperative — estyn, estynna estynned estynnwn estynnwch estynnent estynner
verbal noun estyn
verbal adjectives estynedig
estynadwy
Conjugation (colloquial)
inflected
colloquial forms 		singular plural
first second third first second third
future estynna i,
estynnaf i 		estynni di estynnith o/e/hi,
estynniff e/hi 		estynnwn ni estynnwch chi estynnan nhw
conditional estynnwn i,
estynswn i 		estynnet ti,
estynset ti 		estynnai fo/fe/hi,
estynsai fo/fe/hi 		estynnen ni,
estynsen ni 		estynnech chi,
estynsech chi 		estynnen nhw,
estynsen nhw
preterite estynnais i,
estynnes i 		estynnaist ti,
estynnest ti 		estynnodd o/e/hi estynnon ni estynnoch chi estynnon nhw
imperative — estynna — — estynnwch —

Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Derived terms

  • cyhyryn estyn (“extensor”)
  • Estyn (“Estyn”)
  • estyn allan (“to reach out, outreach”)
  • estyn croeso (“to extend a welcome”)
  • estyn gwahoddiad (“to extend an invitation”)
  • estynadwy (“extensible”)
  • estynedig (“extended”)
  • estyniad (“extension”)
  • estynnwr (“stretcher”)
  • estynnydd (“stretcher, extender”)
  • estynwlad (“panhandle”)
  • llinell estyn (“ledger line”)
  • ymestyn (“to extend, to stretch”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of estyn
radical soft nasal h-prothesis
estyn unchanged unchanged hestyn

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “estynnaf”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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