exercer
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.se/
Audio: (file)
Verb
exercer
- to instruct, to command
- exercer des soldats ― train soldiers
- exercer des écoliers à la composition ― to instruct students in composition
- to exercise
- to practise, to do
- Ce médecin n’exerce plus.
- This doctor is no longer practising.
Conjugation
This verb is part of a group of -er verbs for which 'c' is softened to a 'ç' before the vowels 'a' and 'o'.
Conjugation of exercer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | exercer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | exerçant /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | exercé /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.se/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | exerce /ɛɡ.zɛʁs/ |
exerces /ɛɡ.zɛʁs/ |
exerce /ɛɡ.zɛʁs/ |
exerçons /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sɔ̃/ |
exercez /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.se/ |
exercent /ɛɡ.zɛʁs/ |
| imperfect | exerçais /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sɛ/ |
exerçais /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sɛ/ |
exerçait /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sɛ/ |
exercions /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sjɔ̃/ |
exerciez /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sje/ |
exerçaient /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | exerçai /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.se/ |
exerças /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sa/ |
exerça /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sa/ |
exerçâmes /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sam/ |
exerçâtes /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sat/ |
exercèrent /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sɛʁ/ | |
| future | exercerai /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sə.ʁe/ |
exerceras /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sə.ʁa/ |
exercera /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sə.ʁa/ |
exercerons /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sə.ʁɔ̃/ |
exercerez /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sə.ʁe/ |
exerceront /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | exercerais /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sə.ʁɛ/ |
exercerais /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sə.ʁɛ/ |
exercerait /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sə.ʁɛ/ |
exercerions /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
exerceriez /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sə.ʁje/ |
exerceraient /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sə.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | exerce /ɛɡ.zɛʁs/ |
exerces /ɛɡ.zɛʁs/ |
exerce /ɛɡ.zɛʁs/ |
exercions /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sjɔ̃/ |
exerciez /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sje/ |
exercent /ɛɡ.zɛʁs/ |
| imperfect2 | exerçasse /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sas/ |
exerçasses /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sas/ |
exerçât /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sa/ |
exerçassions /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sa.sjɔ̃/ |
exerçassiez /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sa.sje/ |
exerçassent /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | exerce /ɛɡ.zɛʁs/ |
— | exerçons /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sɔ̃/ |
exercez /ɛɡ.zɛʁ.se/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Quotations
For quotations using this term, see Citations:exercer.
Further reading
- “exercer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
Portuguese
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /e.zeʁˈse(ʁ)/ [e.zehˈse(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /e.zeɾˈse(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /e.zeʁˈse(ʁ)/ [e.zeχˈse(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /e.zeɻˈse(ɻ)/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /i.zɨɾˈseɾ/
- (Southern Portugal) IPA(key): /i.zɨɾˈse.ɾi/
Verb
exercer (first-person singular present exerço, first-person singular preterite exerci, past participle exercido)
Conjugation
Conjugation of exercer (c-ç alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)