fofera

Old Irish

Etymology

From fo- +‎ feraid.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ɸoˈɸʲera]

Verb

fo·fera (prototonic ·furea, verbal noun fuar)

  1. to prepare, to provide
  2. to cause, to produce, bring about
    Synonyms: ar·áili, do·áirci, im·folngai

For quotations using this term, see Citations:fofera.

Usage notes

Relative forms of this verb often takes the infixed direct object pronoun d- (it) in an anticipatory function when the direct object is explicit,[1] for example:

is ed in sin fod·era in n‑erigimthat is what causes the complaint (literally, “that is what causes it the complaint”)

Note that d- in the above example does not actually agree with erigem (complaint), as the pronoun is masculine or neuter but the noun is feminine.

Inflection

Complex, class A I present, s preterite, f future, a subjunctive
active passive
singular plural singular plural
1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
present indicative deut. fu·firim fo·ferai fo·fera; fod·era, fudd·era, fot·era (with infixed pronoun d-) fa·eram (with infixed pronoun a-) fo·ferthar
prot. ·foíret
imperfect indicative deut.
prot.
preterite deut.
prot.
perfect deut. fo·ruar fo·roired
prot. ·foruireth
future deut. fo·irfea fom·firfider (with infixed pronoun m-)
prot.
conditional deut.
prot.
present subjunctive deut.
prot. ·furea
past subjunctive deut. fu·erad
prot. ·foírin ·foíred
imperative foíred
verbal noun fuar
past participle foiride
verbal of necessity

Descendants

  • Irish: faoi deara (from infixed fod·era, rebracketed as fo dera)

Mutation

Mutation of fo·fera
radical lenition nasalization
fo·fera fo·ḟera fo·fera
pronounced with /β̃ʲ-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Pedersen, Holger (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen [Comparative Grammar of the Celtic Languages] (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, page 146

Further reading